history 17.1 ch 2
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What was the general social structure in European society in the sixteenth century?
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Hierarchical
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In the early 1500s, what percentage of Europe's population consisted of peasants?
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Between 70 and 80%
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How did the Puritans want to reform the Church of England?
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They wanted to purify it of Roman Catholic rituals
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What was the major difference between Separatist and non-Separatist Puritans?
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They disagreed about the necessity of a conversion experience.
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What did the Puritans believe?
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-Membership in congregation should not be limited only to those with conversion experiences -anyone baptized = membership -pure church free of \"Anglican pollution\"
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Which of the following statements accurately describes Prince Henry the Navigator's role in encouraging Portuguese exploration?
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-He gained the support of merchants to finance explorations -He encouraged Portugese sailors to use caravels -He looked for alternative routes to Asia.
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Which statement concerning the West African empires prior to 1600 is true?
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They engaged in vigorous trade, were Islamic, and were known for their wealth.
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Which of the following is true of both African and Indian religions?
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Both believed the practice of magic was wrong.
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Which leader did Hernán Cortés manipulate to gain and maintain control of the Aztec empire?
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Montezuma
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Which of the following sixteenth-century European religious groups was the most socially and politically radical?
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Anabaptists
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What were some legacies of the Reformation?
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-The development of various denominations in Europe - A belief in the importance of reading -The idea that clergy have no special powers -A counter-reformation by the Catholic Church -Separation between Protestant denominations and the Catholic Church
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Why was John Rolfe important to the eventual success of the Jamestown settlement?
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He discovered that the colonists could grow tobacco and export it to England for a profit.
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Which of the following problems could be seen in English society in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
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-high unemployment -a rapidly growing population -falling wages -class differences
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Which of the following were developments of the maritime revolution of the fifteenth century?
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More maneuverable ships New type of sails Mastery of the compass Better use of the astrolabe
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Which of the following nations led the way in exploration in the fifteenth century?
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Portugal
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Which of the following statements about the fifteenth-century slave trade is correct?
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Slavery already existed in West African societies and was a much harsher, less humane form of slavery than that practiced by the Europeans.
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How did the European slavery that arose in the fifteenth century differ from other forms of European slavery?
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-The \"new slavery\" was a high-volume business. -Slaves taken under the \"new slavery\" were treated harshly and were destined for exhausting, mindless labor rather than domestic service. -Slaves were regarded as property rather than merely as persons of low status. -The \"new slavery\" was based explicitly on the blackness and cultural differences of Africans.
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Which of the following statements about Christopher Columbus is correct?
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He believed he could reach Asia by sailing west.
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Who explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Quebec, and Nova Scotia?
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French explorer Jaques Cartier
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Aspects of the Columbian exchange?
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-Europe carried deadly germs to the Americas. -The Americas sent horses and sheep to Europe. -Europeans transported silver to the Americas to finance new settlements. -Europe sent coffee and sugar to the Americas.
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Which of the following is a correct statement about Spanish conquests in the Western Hemisphere?
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The Spanish church and government attempted to curb the excesses and abuses of the conquistadores.
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What was the primary object of Spanish explorers in the New World?
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Gold
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Where was the first permanent European settlement on future United States soil?
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St. Augustine, Florida
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Where did the French attempt to make their first settlement in North America?
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Along the St. Lawrence Valley
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In the 1570s, what were England's objectives in the Western Hemisphere?
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It wanted to find the Northwest Passage and to harass the Spanish.
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What was the leading empire in West Africa in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries?
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Mali
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Which of the following was considered a sea dog?
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Sir Francis Drake
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How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
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It encouraged individuals to search for new knowledge and information.
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What was the main problem that crippled the Roanoke colony?
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The English settlers refused to work.
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What was European reciprocity?
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The upper classes acting with dignity and the lower classes showing deference to their superiors.
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Why Captain John Smith succeeded in Jamestown where others had failed?
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He organized all settlers in well-supervised work gangs. He established rules for maintaining sanitation and hygiene. He had experience fighting the Spanish and Turks. He imposed military discipline on the colony.
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According to Martin Luther, what is the basis of a person's salvation?
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People can gain their salvation only through faith in God.
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How were the early English efforts at settlement paid for?
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Through the issuance of company stock
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Who broke with the Catholic Church and persuaded Parliament to create the Church of England?
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Henry VIII
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What was one of the purposes of the settlement at Plymouth Plantation?
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The settlers wanted to provide lumber, furs, and fish for London merchant Thomas Weston.
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What was the Mayflower Compact?
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A document signed by the Pilgrims of the Massachusetts Bay Colony which constituted them as a \"civil body politic\", or government, and claimed the land for King James, establishing Plymouth colony.
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Which Spanish conquistadors explored parts of what became North America?
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-Hernando de Soto -Juan Ponce de León -Francisco Vásquez de Coronado - Hernán Cortés -Francisco PIzarro did NOT
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Where was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
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Jamestown
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Who did Virginia rely on for most of its labor in its initial years as a colony?
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Indentured servants
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How did Governor Francis Wyatt wage the Second Anglo-Powhatan War?
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He used ruthless tactics like destroying food supplies and burning villages.
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What about Britain's Queen Elizabeth I?
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She eagerly embraced Puritanism and denounced the vestiges of Catholicism in the Church of England. -She encouraged merchants to invest in Atlantic-oriented ventures. -She helped finance the raids of the English sea dogs on Spanish ports and ships and shared in the plunder. -She secretly aided Protestant revolts in Europe against Spanish domination. -After the pope declared her a heretic, she viewed English Catholics as potential traitors.
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Where was New Netherland established?
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On the Hudson river
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Who was the largest sugar producer in the sixteenth century?
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Brazil
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What was a result of the battle of Lake Champlain in 1609?
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Indian-European relations entered a deadly era of trade, diplomacy, and warfare.
