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__ __ make up the code of a profession based on human values or moral principles.

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Professional ethics

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Radiologic Technologist play a critical supportive role between the __ and the __.

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Physician and patient

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The professional conduct of Rad. Tech. should be based on:

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complete, uncompromised devotion to patients providing them with the highest quality of medical care.

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The public expects all professionals to exhibit __-__ within a system of __-__

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Self-discipline Self-regulation

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A __ __ is one of several generally accepted criteria that serve to distinguish a profession from other occupations or trades.

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Professional ethic

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__ __ __ reflect the public's demand to be served by qualified health care practitioners.

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State licensing laws

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Standard of conduct, common concern for collective self-discipline, control of the profession from within, this is known as __.

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Ethics

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In philosophy, __ is defined as the science of rightness and wrongness of human conduct as known by natural reason.

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Ethics

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__ __ may be defined as rules of conduct or standards by which a particular group regulates its actions and sets standards for its members.

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Professional ethics

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The system of ethics is closely related and overlaps two other systems designed to control society: __ and __.

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Law and morals

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__ are regulations established by a government that are applicable to people within a certain political subdivision.

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Laws

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__ are generally accepted customs of right living and conduct and an individual's practice in relation to these customs.

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Morals

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Society expects a profession, through its collective members, to generate its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior, usually in the form of a:

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Code of Ethics

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Practice behaviors that are defined by the members of a profession are:

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Standards of professional conduct

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The code of ethics was adopted by the:

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American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT)

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__ _ __ are the mandatory rules of acceptable professional conduct for radiologic technologist, and are enforceable through the ARRT-prescribed sanctions

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Rules of Ethics

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Manners and attitudes toward patients generally accepted by practitioners

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Professional Etiquette

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List the 4 components in the process of ethical analysis:

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1. Identifying the problem 2. Developing alternative solutions 3. Selecting the best solution 4. Defending the selection

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Sets of principles that tell us what actions are right or wrong; used to base ethical decision making

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Ethical theories

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Ethical systems are usually divided into two groups: __ & __.

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Consequentialism & Nonconsequentialism

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__ evaluates the rightness or wrongness of ethical decisions by assessing the consequences of these decisions on the patient--producing a good effect for the patient or avoiding harm

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Consequentialism

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__ holds that other right-making characteristics of our actions beyond consequences exist and must be examined to determine whether a given behavior is right or wrong.

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Nonconsequentialism

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Persons who use __ system for ethical decision making may lie to a patient if he or she thinks the lie might benefit the patient

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Consequentialist

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Persons using the __ system for ethical decision making would caution agianst lying to a patient under any circumstances b/c the act of lying is generally accepted as morally wrong.

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Nonconsequentialist

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__ __ theory attempts to describe the relationship that exists b/w two mutually dependent persons or groups of persons in a society.

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Social contract

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The __ _ __ cautions that our actions should not be examined as isolated events; instead, our actions should be considered an integral part of the context of specific situations.

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Ethics of care

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The Ethics of care require the decision maker to focus as clearly as possible on such basic moral skills as:

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Kindness, sensitivity, attentiveness, tact, patience, and reliability

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The ethics of care emphasized the need for:

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1. an accurate understanding of MORAL COMPETENCE 2. a clear vision of the meaning of a VIRTUOUS PERSON 3. finely honed skills in HUMAN RELATIONS

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__-__ __ is based on an understanding of human rights.

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Rights-based ethics

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The importance of human rights is reflected in the tenets of __ __.

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Liberal individualism

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__ __ is a belief that an individual in a democratic society is shielded from undue forces and allowed to enjoy and pursue person projects.

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Liberal individualism

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__ are justified claims that an individual can make on others or on society

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Rights

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What are the two types of rights?

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Legal rights or moral rights

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__ __ are claims that have a foundation in legal principles and rules

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Legal rights

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__ __ are claims that are justified by moral principles and rules

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Moral rights

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__ may be considered as obligations placed on individuals, groups, and institutions by reason of the moral bond of our interdependence with others.

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Duties

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__-__ __, or __, the use of moral principles as a basis for defending a chosen path of action in resolving an ethical dilemma.

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Principle-based ethics, or principlism

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Moral principles are aka __ __.

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Ethical principles

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__ __ are general, universal guides to action that are derived from so-called "basic moral truths" that should be respected unless a morally compelling reason exists not to do so.

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Moral Principles (aka ethical principles)

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Moral principles (aka ethical principles) include:

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1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Justice 4. Autonomy 5. Veracity 6. Fidelity

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Most professional codes of ethics are based primarily on the principle of __.

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Beneficence

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Encourage practitioners to engage in actions that benefit their patients

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Beneficence

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Living a good life, becoming a good person, and acquiring certain desirable characteristics

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Virtues

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The use of virtues in establishing right reason in action, offers the opportunity to include the character of each participant involved in an ethical dilemma and is an important consideration when linked to principlism.

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Virtue-based ethics

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Virtues include such character traits as:

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caring, faith, trust, hope, compassion, courage, and fidelity

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Two of the most frequently encountered ethical issues b/w Rad. Tech & patients involve:

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1. Maintaining patient faithfulness 2. Maintaining patient confidentiality

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Perform actions that benefit others. Decide and act always to benefit the patient. (bringing about good)

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Beneficence

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Do no harm. Never perform or allow acts that may harm the patient. (preventing harm)

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Nonmaleficence

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Perform actions that respect the independence of other persons. The patient must decide what is done to his or her person. (acting with personal self-reliance)

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Autonomy

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Being truthful is right. To tell the truth is expected. (telling the truth)

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Veracity

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Performing acts that observe covenants or promises is right. (being faithful)

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Fidelity

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Performing acts that ensure the fair distribution of goods and harm are right. (acting with fairness or equity)

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Justice

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A personal value system can be defined in terms of:

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1. Virtues 2. Values 3. Ethical principles 4. Morals

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Professional ethics can be best defined as:

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A common concert for collective self-discipline

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Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. Ethics apply to specific groups 2. Ethics control a group from within 3. Laws apply to political subdivisions 4. Morals apply to individuals 5. Morals control individuals within a group

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Morals control individuals within a group

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Which of the following statements is true? 1. Codes of ethics are usually written by individuals 2. Codes of ethics are a form of legislation 3. Conscience controls individual morality 4. Religious writings form the basis for ethical control 5. Laws provide an internal control for society

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Conscience controls individual morality

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Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. Ethical dilemmas may have competing moral principles 2. Ethical dilemmas involve decisions based on human values 3. Ethical dilemmas invite a wide range of personal opinions 4. Ethical dilemmas can be resolved by problem solving 5. Ethical dilemmas are easily solved by codes of ethics

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Ethical dilemmas are easily solved by codes of ethics

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Moral rules are best applied to ethical dilemmas when:

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The ethical dilemma is very wide in scope

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Action to benefit others is defined as:

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Beneficence

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Which is NOT a step in the problem-solving process? 1. Identify the problem 2. Developing alternative solutions 3. Selecting the best solution 4. Defending your selection 5. Determining ethical sanctions

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Determining ethical sanctions

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The strict observance of promises or duties is defined as:

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Fidelity

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Generally accepted customs of right living and conduct are:

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Morals

Professional Ethics (CH24)

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