question

most important detail of Wundt's early research that established psychology as a science

answer

he set up a laboratory and focused on empirical evidence that could be replicated

question

Behavior is a result of the combination of reinforcers and punishers

answer

B.F. Skinner

question

Choosing 20 people at random from 400 person class is an example of?

answer

random sampling

question

which technique controls for both experimenter bias and subject bias

answer

double blind study

question

damage to the occipital lobe would affect which sense

answer

sight

question

a medication for depression would affect what neurotransmitter?

answer

serotonin

question

doctor examining a car crash victim would use this brain scan

answer

MRI

question

physiological reactions to surprise or shocks are most controlled by which of the following parts of the nervous system

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

children who suffer brain damage may be able to regain their physical and mental abilities more quickly than older due to what property

answer

brain plasticity

question

brain scan that would prove that people only use 10 percent of their brains

answer

PET

question

structure in the eye most responsible for vision

answer

cones

question

human senses can be divided into these two major categories based on what the senses gather from the outside world

answer

energy and chemical

question

turning up the volume on a music player changes what

answer

amplitude of the wave

question

research study established that most people can taste one gram of salt in one quart of water. concept that is most closely related to the goal?

answer

absolute threshold

question

musician's ability to make a distinction between two very similar pitches depends on this

answer

difference threshold

question

ability to perceive depth depends primarily on what other abilities

answer

monocular and binocular cues

question

REM sleep deprivation causes

answer

interference with memory tasks

question

two competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis

answer

role theory and dissociation theory

question

first step in CC

answer

pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus

question

A+ is what kind of reinforcer

answer

secondary

question

researcher who concludes that people who watch graphic violence in films are more likely to behave in violent ways than people who don't are researching this kind of learning

answer

observational

question

three-box model, the first place memories are stored

answer

sensory memory

question

memories may be physically stored in the brain through strengthened connections between brain neurons. process called?

answer

long term potentation

question

most mnemonic devices are examples of which memory enhancement technique

answer

chunking

question

seeing someone and remembering her name is an example of what retrieval

answer

recall

question

most likely to lead to a constructed memory

answer

leading questions

question

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theorizes that each person is motivated by

answer

satisfying needs from the next step in the hierarchy

question

brain structure most involved in hunger motivation

answer

hypothalamus

question

kind of motivation that encourages positive behaviors to persist over long periods of time

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

researcher tests the problem solving skills of twenty 10 y/o, 20 y/o, 30 y/o participants in a study. what research method is this?

answer

cross-sectional

question

newborn reflexes that help infants find and eat food

answer

rooting

question

Ainsworth placed babies into a strange situation. What developmental concept was she studying?

answer

attachment

question

Piaget would test this in order to determine whether a child is in the pre-operational or concrete stage of cognitive development

answer

concepts of conservation

question

the dominant factor determining our personality traits according to Freud

answer

unconscious conflicts

question

developmental theory that explained who experiences in each stage of life influence personality characteristics

answer

Erikson's psychosexual stage theory

question

common way to categorize personality traits

answer

Big Five

question

pencil and paper personality test that places a person in one of several categories based on which theory

answer

trait

question

important technique used by Maslow and humanistic psychologists during therapy

answer

unconditional positive regard

question

kind of personality theorist that uses projective test

answer

behaviorists

question

achievement test

answer

classroom test over a chapter in a textbook

question

kind of intelligence that holds ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles

answer

fluid intelligence

question

IQ tests

answer

standardized

question

person with flashbacks/nightmares after accident is going to be diagnosed with which kind of psychological disorder?

answer

anxiety disorder

question

kind of symptom common among somatoform disorders

answer

experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause

question

psychogenic amnesia and fugue states are an indication of this disorder

answer

dissociative

question

major depression sufferers have low levels of which neurotransmitters

answer

serotonin

question

difference between person diagnosed with schizophrenia and dissociative disorder

answer

schizophrenic will have hallucinations

question

principal tool in psychotherapy

answer

talking to a patient

question

why psychoanalysts were interested in talking with a patient about their dreams

answer

some psychoanalysts believe that dream symbols represent unconscious conflicts

question

this kind of therapy would be used by a somatic therapist

answer

chemotherapy

question

no longer used to treat patients

answer

prefrontal lobotomy

question

therapist that would prescribe lithium for a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder

answer

psychiatrist

question

nonprofit gives address labels asking for contributions. which psychological principle are they using

answer

compliance strategy

question

math teacher refuses to look at the grades her students received in the past. what effect is she trying to avoid?

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy

question

factors that are ignored or de-emphasized when people commit the fundamental attribution error

answer

situational

question

social psychological principle that best explains prejudice

answer

in-group bias

question

Robbers Cave study proves this helps reduce tensions between groups

answer

superordinate goals

question

milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds

answer

risk of psychological harm

question

what makes the psychoanalytic perspective different from others

answer

it focuses on the conscious mind

question

if a distribution of scores includes one or more outliers, which of the following measures of central tendency should be used

answer

median

question

researcher needs this to determine if the difference between the mean scores of experimental and control groups are significant

answer

inferential

question

how neurons communicate

answer

chemicals travel from one neuron to another, influencing whether a neuron will fire or not

question

someone with brain damage who has difficulty making the muscle movements needed to produce accurate speech might have damage to this area

answer

broca's area

question

located at the most central and protected part of the brain

answer

medulla

question

case study of Phineas Gage was significant because

answer

it was one of the first well documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes

question

artist doing a pencil drawing could use which of the following to add depth?

answer

linear perspective

question

Pavlov's dogs begin to salivate whenever they hear any sound similar to a bell

answer

generalization

question

Garcia and Keolling's studies about learned aversion established that this UCS + CS pair is the most powerful

answer

nausea and food/drink

question

why might a researcher use a variable ratio rather than fixed

answer

they're more resistant to extinction

question

knowledge of different categories of trees and where they grow best is an example of what kind of long-term memory?

answer

semantic memory

question

implicit memory

answer

remembering how to tie a tie

question

influences sexual orientation

answer

hormones released in the womb

question

teacher believes all students want to learn and creates a classroom culture that encourages this intrinsic motivation

answer

theory Y

question

impacts the speed of motor development the most

answer

myelination of brain neurons

question

important difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles

answer

authoritative parents set and enforce rules but explain the reasoning behind the rules

question

useful in a study testing Kohlberg's concepts of pre and post conventional stages

answer

should someone tell a lie in order to prevent someone's feelings from being hurt?

question

common criticism of Freud

answer

not tested scientifically

question

Fred fails an important exam and reacts by studying more and socializing less. He has this locus of control

answer

internal

question

Psychometrician interpreting an IQ score of 145

answer

3 std devs above average of 100

question

most complete list of the common characteristics of psychological disorders

answer

maladaptive, unusual, disturbing, irrational

question

Key factor that differentiates depression from sadness

answer

longer than two weeks w/o major cause

question

most helpful in avoiding groupthink problems

answer

encouraging contrary opinions

question

increased conformity in Asch's studies

answer

size of the group

question

patient is advises a patient to write about his depressed thoughts and is prescribed an antidepressant. being treated in what way

answer

cognitive and biophysical

question

experiments can determine causal relationships because

answer

they isolate the effects of independent variables on dependent variables

question

research method used to test this hypothesis: people who conserve energy by buying hybrid cars are more likely to spend money on organic foods

answer

correlation

question

person suffering from skin rash gets relief from scratching the rash, what explains the temp relief?

answer

gate control theory

question

difference between classical and operant conditioning

answer

classical conditioning is pairing stimuli and operant is pairing a response with a stimulus

question

major difference between negative reinforcement and punishment

answer

punishments decrease the frequency and neg. rein. increase it

question

withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by

answer

tolerance

question

chomsky and skinner disagreed about how children acquire language. this concept is relevant to the differences in their theories

answer

language acquisition device

question

research participant eats half a bowl of m&ms then stops eating, drive reduction theory explains this how?

answer

primary drive motivated the person to eat and then stop when they gained homeostasis

question

best summary of Schacter's two factor theory

answer

combo of psychological changes and our cognitive interpretations combined to produce emotional experiences

question

Piaget would describe the process of learning something new using terminology from his cog devel theory

answer

changing schemas through accomodation

question

Bandura and social cog personality theorists believe that personality results from the interaction of these factors

answer

traits, environment and behavior

question

personality test tells a person she's an extrovert first time and introvert next time

answer

low test retest reliability

question

relationship between reliability and validity

answer

a test can be reliable not valid

question

purpose of DSM

answer

list diagnoses and symptoms so psychologists can make diagnoses

question

therapy that involves both behavioral and cognitive interventions

answer

systematic desensitization

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