History Ch. 17-18
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4 gains made during the civil rights movement (18)
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-Segregation had to be banned -African American voting rights had been reestablished and protected -African American poverty rates had fallen -Affirmative action programs had been established
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3 parts to the GI Bill of rights
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-Provided for a year of unemployment benefits for veterans who could not find work -Provided financial aid to those veterans wishing to go to college -Provided low interest loans for veterans wishing to build a home or start a business
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Baby Boom
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Rapid increase in the birth rate from 1947-early 1960s (people were coming back from WW2 and Korea, GD was over)
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Demobilization
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Bringing members of the armed forces home from foreign conflicts
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Productivity
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Rate at which goods are produced or services are performed
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Interstate Highway Act
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Law that authorized 23 billion dollars to be spent to build 41,000 miles of interstate highway system
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Sunbelt
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Region in the US of the South and South-west
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Multinational Corporation
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Companies that produce and sell their goods all over the world
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Consumerism
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Large-scale buying, much of it on credit
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Nuclear Family
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Typical household of the 1950s
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Beatnik
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Small group of writers and artists in the 1950s and 60s who were critical of American society
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Urban renewal
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Government programs designed for redevelopment of urban areas
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Termination Policy
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the ending of the federal government's responsibility for the health and well-being of Native Americans
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De jure segregation
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segregation that is imposed by law, made legal by the supreme court case Plessy vs. Ferguson
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De facto segregation
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segregation by unwritten custom or tradition
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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the NAACP argued that segregated public education violated the US constitution
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Thurgood Marshall
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part of the legal team for the NAACP that successfully argued the case, first African American to serve on US Supreme Court
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Earl Warren
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chief justice of the US Supreme Court
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Hernandez vs Texas
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Supreme court ruled the exclusion of Mexican Americans from trial juries was unconstitutional; first time the Supreme Court ruled on a discrimination case for a race other than black
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Little Rock 9
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-9 African American students enrolled in Central High School -Arkansas National Guard blocked their entrance -President Eisenhower was forced to use federal troops to protect them
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Civil rights act 1957
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The law gave the US Attorney General more power to protect the voting rights of African Americans
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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-Dec. 1st 1955: Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger -Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was chosen as the leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association -In 1956 the Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional
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Freedom Riders
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-In the spring of 1961, 2 buses filled with African Americans left DC bound for New Orleans -The passengers sat in the front of the buses and used the \"white\" restrooms -When they reached Alabama things turned dangerous. One bus was firebombed and the other was attacked by a white mob -President Kennedy was forced to step in to protect the riders -They led to desegregation of interstate public transportation
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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-Outlawed segregation in public places -Gave the Federal Government the power to require that state and local school boards desegregated their schools
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Voting Rights Act
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Banned the use of literacy tests as a requirement to vote
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24th Amendment
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Banned the use of a poll tax as a requirement to vote
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Malcolm X vs. MLK Jr.
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-Dr. King used the tactic of Civil Disobedience (nonviolent refusal to follow a law that one considers to be immoral) -Malcom X wanted to abandon the goal of integration and to create an independent African American community within the US, he advocated the use of self-defense
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What did the freedom rides accomplish?
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They defied desegregation for the South.
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Why did the struggle for equal rights intensify after WW II?
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African Americans had just risked their lives in the war and now demanded to not be treated like 2nd class citizens
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Why did President Eisenhower send Federal Troops to Little Rock?
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Eisenhower felt that it was his responsibility as president to not allow people to ignore the law.
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What was considered the highlight of the March on Washington?
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When Martin Luther King took the podium and gave his speech
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What is the \"American Dream\" to which MLK JR. refers?
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That all men will be equal, the opportunity to be successful
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How well does King think the nation has lived up to its promises?
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He did not believe that we were living up to the promises, however we did have the potential to do so.
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Why were sit-ins often a successful tactic?
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It calls the public attention to discrimination. It financially impacts the business where the protest is taking place.
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Why did King go to Memphis in 1968?
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He went to Memphis to offer assistance to sanitation workers who were striking for better wages and working conditions
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How did Malcolm X's views differ from MLK's views?
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-Dr. King used the tactic of Civil Disobedience (nonviolent refusal to follow a law that one considers to be immoral) -Malcolm X wanted to abandon the goal of integration and to create an independent African American community within the US, he advocated the use of self-defense
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What gains did the civil rights movement make by the early 1970's?
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Segregation had to be banned, African American voting rights had been reestablished and protected, African American poverty rights had fallen, affirmative action programs had been established
