Nervous System Terminology RN program PCC 2013
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Altered Consciousness
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Stuporous, Mute, diminished response to verbal cues (rt intracranial lesions, metabolic/psych disorders)
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Anosognosia
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Inability to recognize defect or disease (rt lesions in R parietal cortex)
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Aphasia/Dysphasia
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Loss or impaired language faculty (comprehension, expression)(rt L Cerebral cortex lesion)
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Dysarthria
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Lack of coordination in articulating speech (rt cerebellar or cranial nerve lesion, antiseizure drugs, sedatives, hypnotic drug toxicity incl. alcohol)
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Anisocoria
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Inequality of pupil size (rt optic nerve injury)
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Diplopia
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Double vision (rt lesions affecting nerves of extraocular muscles, cerebellar damage)
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Homonymous Hemianopsia
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Loss of vision in one side of visual field (rt lesions in the contralateral occipital lobe)
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Dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing (rt lesions involving motor pathways of CN IX, X (including lower brainstem)
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Opthalmoplegia
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Paralysis of eye muscles (rt lesions of the brainstem)
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Papilledema
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\"Chocked Disc,\" swelling of optic nerve head. (rt increased ICP)
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Apraxia
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Inability to perform learned movements despite having desire and physical ability to perform them (rt cerebral cortex lesion)
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Ataxia
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Lack of coordination of movement (rt lesions of sensory or motor pathways, cerebellum, anti seizure drugs, sedatives, hypnotic drug toxicity incl. Alcohol)
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Dyskinesia
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Impairment of voluntary movement, resulting in fragmentary or incomplete movements (rt disorders of basal ganglia, idiosyncratic reaction to psychotropic drugs)
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Hemiplegia
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Paralysis on one side (rt stroke and other lesions involving motor cortex)
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Nystagmus
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Jerking or bobbing of eyes as they track moving object (rt lesions in cerebellum, brain stem, vestibular system; anti-seizure drugs, sedatives, hypnotic toxicity (alcohol)
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Analgesia
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Loss of pain sensation (lesion in spinothalmic tract or thalamus, specific medications)
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Anesthesia
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Absence of sensation (rt lesions in spinal cord, thalamus, sensory cortex, or peripheral sensory nerve, and specific medications)
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Paresthesia
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Alteration of sensation (rt lesions in the posterior column or sensory cortex)
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Astereognosis
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Inability to recognize form of object by touch (rt lesions in parietal cortex)
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Babinski's sign
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upgoing toes with plantar stimulation (rt suprasegmental or upper motor neuron lesion)
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Deep Tendon Reflexes
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diminished or absent motor response (rt lower motor neuron lesions)
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Atonic (Autonomous Bladder dysfunction)
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absence of muscle tone and contractile, enlargement of capacity, no sensation of discomfort, overflow with large residual, inability to voluntary empty. (rt early spinal cord injury)
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Hypotonic (Bladder dysfunction)
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More ability than atonic but less than normal (rt interruption of afferent pathways from bladder)
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Hypertonic (Bladder Dysfunction)
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Increase in muscle tone, diminished capacity, reflex, emptying, dribbling, incontinence (rt lesions in pyramidal tracts (efferent pathways))
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Paraplegia
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Paralysis of lower extremities (spinal cord transection or mass lesion (thoracolumbar region)
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Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
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Paralysis of all extremities (spinal cord transection or mass lesion (cervical region))
