question

divided government

answer

a term used to describe government when one political party controls the executive branch and the other political party controls one or both houses of the legislature.

question

commander in chief

answer

the title that is given to the president by the Constitution and that denotes the president's authority as the head of the national military.

question

War Powers Act

answer

Law that requires the president to inform Congress within 48 hours of committing troops abroad in a military action.

question

executive agreements

answer

an agreement between the president and one or more other countries. An executive agreement is similar to a treaty but unlike a treat, it does not require the approval of the Senate.

question

\"take care\" clause

answer

the provision in Article II, Section3, of the Constitution instructing the president to \"take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.\"

question

executive orders

answer

a presidential directive to an executive agency establishing new policies or indicating how an existing policy is to be carried out.

question

institutionalized presidency

answer

a set of offices and staff that assist the president.

question

gag rule

answer

an executive order prohibiting federal employees from communicating directly with Congress.

question

Office of Management and Budget - OMB

answer

previously known as the Bureau of Budget, OMB is the most important agency in the Executive Office of the President. The budget bureau, created in 1921 to act as a central clearinghouse for all budget requests, was renamed and given increased responsibilities in 1970. OMB advises the president on fiscal and economic policies, creates the annual federal budget, and monitors agency performance, among other duties.

question

central clearance

answer

a presidential directive requiring that all executive agency proposals, reports, and recommendations to Congress - mostly in the form of annual reports and testimony at authorization and appropriations hearings - be certified by the OMB as consistent with the president's policy.

question

imperial presidency

answer

a presidency in which an elected monarch has a retinue of aides to do his bidding.

question

unitary executive

answer

a system of government in which a single government unit holds the power to govern the nation (in contrast to a federal system, in which power is shared among many governing units)

question

signing statements

answer

a statement issued by the president that is intended to modify implementation or ignore altogether provisions of a new law.

question

line-item veto

answer

a procedure, available in 1997 for the first time, permitting a president to cancel amounts of new discretionary appropriations (budget authority), as well as new items of direct spending (entitlements) and certain limited tax benefits, unless Congress disapproves by law within a specified period of time. It was declared unconstitutional in 1998.

question

State of the Union address

answer

a message to Congress under the constitutional directive that the president shall \"from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\"

question

going public

answer

Presidents \"go public\" when they engage in intensive public relations to promote their policies to the voters and thereby induce cooperation from other elected officeholders in Washington.

question

Brownlow report

answer

Report issued in 1937 by the President's Committee on Administrative Management that likened the president to the chief executive officer of a large corporation and concluded that the president needed a professional staff.

question

\"detailed staff\"

answer

Staff from another government agency sent to assist the White House

question

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

answer

A collection of agencies that help the president oversee department and agency activities, formulate budgets and monitor spending, craft legislation, and lobby Congress. The major components of the EOP, established in 1939 by President Franklin Roosevelt, include the White House Office, Office of Management and Budget, National Security Council and Council of Economic Advisers, among other agencies.

question

White House Office

answer

Agency in the Executive Office of the President (EOP) that serves as the president's personal staff system. Although the entire EOP does the president's business, the White House staff consists of the president's personal advisers, who oversee the political and policy interests of the administration.

question

National Security Council (NSC)

answer

The highest advisory body to the president on military and diplomatic issues. Established in 1947, this agency in the Executive Office of the President helps the president coordinate the actions of government agencies, including the State and Defense Departments and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, into a single cohesive policy for dealing with other nations.

question

enrolled bills

answer

a bill that has been passed by both the Senate and the House and has been sent to the president for approval.

question

chief of staff system

answer

the means by which a chain of command is imposed on the president's staff. the system clarifies responsibilities and shields the president from having to micromanage the staff's routine activities.

question

gridlock

answer

a legislative \"traffic jam\" often precipitated by divided government. Gridlock occurs when presidents confront opposition-controlled Congresses with policy preferences and political stakes that are in direct competition with their own and those of their party. Neither side is willing to compromise, the government accomplishes little, and federal operations may even come to a halt.

question

veto

answer

the formal power of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress. A veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in each house.

question

The president may appoint

answer

the officers of government \"by and with the 'Advice and Consent of the Senate'\"

question

the president may nominate

answer

people to courts, cabinets and ambassadors - Senate confirms nominations

question

Executive Branch is divided into three departments

answer

1. Department of War first Sec of War - Henry Knox 2. Department of Treasury first Sec of Treas - Alexander Hamilton 3. Department of State first Sec of State - Thomas Jefferson

question

Presidential Selection

answer

1. Nomination Process - determines who will be the nominees 2. General election - allows us to vote on the nominees

question

King Caucus

answer

a pejorative term used to refer to the first method of nominating presidential candidates in which party leaders elected to Congress would pick a presidential nominee. More generally, refers to the imposition of elite authority over mass action. This method of presidential nomination was retired after the presidential election of 1824.

question

national party convention

answer

a gathering of delegates to select a party's presidential and vice-presidential ticket and to adopt its national platform.

question

if no presidential candidates secures the majority of the electoral votes

answer

the House of Reps decides who is president

question

Andrew Jackson only received

answer

plurality of electoral votes; needed majority of electoral votes to become president - he received the most electoral votes and popular votes

question

Corrupt bargain

answer

Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams's agreement - Clay is Speaker of the House - will ask House to vote for Adams in exchange for getting the position of Sec of State (as stepping stone to presidency)

question

Martin Van Buren

answer

helped change nomination process with Jackson - allowing people to vote on nominees

question

1960s party bosses

answer

go away due to Civil rights and Anti-War movement - younger generation voice out opinion (unable to vote under 21)

question

1972 Mc Govern-Frazier Reform

answer

try to democratize process of nominations; concentrated on creating party primaries -delegates of state from convention are bound to vote the way the voters vote (direct proportion of voters of the state)

question

open primary

answer

any registered voter can vote in the party's primary (only one party not both) - cross over voting is very minimal -independents are not attached to either party and can vote for whoever

question

closed primary

answer

have to choose party when register to vote - may only vote for that party during primary -gets more extreme nominees because independents cannot vote or either party

question

fist primary in election calendar by state law

answer

New Hampshire primary - living room speeches - unknown candidates get elected

question

front loading

answer

state that goes first, usually sets the candidates

question

super-primaries

answer

candidates concentrate on the groups of states going first

question

general election

answer

popular vote - voting indirectly; voting by state = determines who is going to get the most votes in each state - person who wins the most votes in that state, wins ALL the electoral votes for that state

question

Republicans tend to do well during general election in

answer

rural areas = less populated

question

Democrats tend to do well during general election in

answer

dense urban areas (non-white races)

question

electoral college

answer

if candidate wins state popular vote by one vote, still gets ALL the electoral college votes of that state - currently is biased towards Republicans = less populous sites get over-represented --- forces candidates to travel to less populous states

question

candidates tend to concentrate their attention on

answer

larger competitive states

question

Grover Cleveland

answer

only president to serve twice in two non-consecutive terms 22nd and 24th president

question

1888 Cleveland v Harrison

answer

Cleveland lost electoral college but had popular vote

question

1876 Samuel J. Tilden v Rutherford B. Hayes

answer

Hayes won presidency even though he did not receive the majority of electoral votes due to 4 states dispute to electoral votes - Compromise of 1877 awarded all 20 electoral votes to Rutherford B. Hayes giving him the presidency only election in which a candidate for president received more than 50 percent of the popular vote but was not elected president by the Electoral College, and one of four elections in which the person winning the plurality of the popular vote did not win the election.

question

2000 Bush v Gore

answer

Supreme Court decided Florida Recount was illegal - Butterfly ballot illegal due to voters misunderstanding how to use

POS 1041 Ch 7 Presidency

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards