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Two parts of Reconstruction

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-Presidential Reconstruction -Radical/Congressional reconstruction

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Lincoln's Plan

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After 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and est. a gov't, it would be recognized

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Freedman's Bureau School

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Helped former slaves solve everyday problems by providing food, clothing, jobs, meds, and medical-care facilities. It's achievements depended largely on the quality of local administrators.

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Some accomplishments of African Americans included:

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Starting newspapers, serving in public office, and attending new colleges and universities established for them.

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Morehouse College

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Founded in 1867, it was a college for Af. Ams. Started as the Augusta Baptist Institute and later moved to Atl.

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Northerners who came down South to make money off of the Reconstruction in some way

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Carpetbaggers

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Who were called scalawags?

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pro-Union Southerners whom Southern Democrats accused of plundering the resources of the South in collusion with Republican gov'ts after the Civil War

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Who became President after Lincoln was assassinated?

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Andrew Johnson

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Andrew Johnson

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17th U.S president, he believed the President should make policy regarding reconstruction. Fought with Congress over this issue and vetoed many Congressional bills. Congress overrode the vetoes for the first time in Am history.

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Black codes

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Southern laws passed during Reconstruction greatly limiting former slave's freedom. Increased Northerner's criticism of Pres Andrew Johnson's leniency on Reconstruction policies.

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Under Radical Reconstruction the former Confed. states had to ratify..?

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13th Amendt- abolished slavery & involuntary servitude in US. 14th Amendt- gave slaves US citizenship 15th Amendt- gave slaves the right to vote

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There were 10 unreconstructed states that were formed into what? And ruled by who?

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Military districts governed by generals.

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10% Reconstruction Plan (1863)

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By Pres. Lincoln, proposed that a state be readmitted to the Union once 10 percent of its voters had pledged loyalty to the U.S and promised to honor emancipation.

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Carpetbaggers

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Pejorative used by Southern whites to describe Northern businessmen and politicians who came to the South after the Civil War to work on Reconstruction projects or invest in Southern infrastructure.

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Why was Pres. Johnson impeached by Congress?

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he tried to stop military districts from being imposed on the South.

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Ku Klux Klan (founded 1866)

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White paramilitary organization whose members, cloaked in sheets to conceal their identities, terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil War. By the 1890's, Klan-style violence and Democratic legislation succeeded in virtually disenfranchising all Southern blacks.

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One way that southerners tried to regain control in the South?

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through the actions of the Ku Klux Klan

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What did the Compromise of 1877 do?

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ended Reconstruction and brought *Rutherford B. Hayes* to the presidency.

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Reconstruction Act (1867)

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Passed by the newly-elected Republican Congress it divided South into 5 military districts, disenfranchised former confederates, and required that Southern states both ratify the 14th Amendment and write state constitutions guaranteeing freedmen the franchise before gaining readmission to the Union.

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Redeemers

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southern democratic politicians who sought to wrest control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction

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Seward's Folly (1867)

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term for Secretary of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia the term reflected the anti-expansionist sentiments of most Americans immediately after the Civil War.

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Tenure of Office Act

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required the Pres. to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees. When Andrew Johnson removed his secretary of war in violation of the act he was impeached by the house but remained in office when the Senate fell one vote short of removing him.

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Wade-Davis Bill

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passed by Congressional Republicans in response to Abraham Lincoln's \"10 percent plan\", it required that 50 percent of a state's voters pledge allegiance to the Union, and set stronger safegaurds for emancipation. Reflected divisions between Congress and the President, and between radical and moderate Republicans, over the treatment of the defeated South.

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4 trends after the Civil War

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1. Industrial Growth 2. Growth of cities 3. Movement West 4. Increased immigration

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Railroads

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Before the Civil War there were many small links of tracks by many railroad companies. Each segment of track had its own width or gauge according to the company that built it. To make railroad building more efficient a standard gauge was set at 4'8 1/2\". This way all railroads could be linked throughout the nation.

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railroads cont'd

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The federal gov't granted vast areas of western land to railroad owners so they would lay train track connecting the eastern and western states. To complete this heavy work, the owners relied mainly on Chinese and Irish laborers (they accepted lower wages).

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what accelerated the end of Native American life?

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Railroads-DEY KEELED DA BUFFAILO

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Thaddeus Stevens

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Pennsylvania Congressman who led the Radical Republican faction in the House of Representatives during and after the Civil War, advocating for abolition and later, the extension of civil rights to freed blacks. He also called for land redistribution as a means to break the power of the planter elite and provide African Americans with the economic means to sustain their newfound independence.

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Winter of 1886-1887

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Blizzards buried the Plains in deep snow and temps reach as low as 40 degrees below zero. Massive number cattle foze and starved to death.

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Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

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An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S gov't efforts to \"civilize\" Native Americans. Of 130 million acres held in Nat. Am. reservations before the Act, 90 million were sold to non-Native buyers.

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Homestead Act (1862)

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A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land.

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Frederick Jackson Turner

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Author of the famous \"frontier thesis,\" in which Turner argued that the taming of the West had shaped the nation's character. The experience of molding wilderness into civilization, he argued, encouraged Americans' characteristic embrace the individualism and democracy.

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Sitting Bull

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Leader of the Lakota Sioux. After his victory at Little Big Horn against Custer and 7th Cavalry, he led his people into Canada to escape the reservation system but eventually surrendered bc they were starving. He was later killed in a scuffle when Indian police were trying to keep him from joining the Ghost Dance.

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Battle (massacre) of Wounded Knee (1890)

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a battle between the U.S army and Dakota Sioux.. several hundred Nat. Am. and 29 U.S soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the \"Ghost Dance,\" which the U.S gov't had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up bc of the Dawes Act.

West And Reconstruction Quiz Studyguide: APUSH

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