Sociology pt 2: Chapters 7-11
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Evolutionary theory borrows assumptions from conflict and symbolic interaction theories.
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False
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In 2013, the Supreme Court in the case of Fisher v. University of ______________ upheld the 1997 ruling, saying that affirmative action was permissible to achieve the goal of a diverse student body.
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Idaho
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Marx used the term proletariat to describe a shared awareness of poor status in relation to the means of production.
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False
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Which of the following is a macro-level factor that can shape social stratification?
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The economic position of a society in the world
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__________ refers to how individuals are layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources they possess.
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Social stratification
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Symbolic interaction theorists focus on the role of cultural capital in producing social stratification.
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True
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According to structural-functionalists, the unequal distribution of statue and wealth in society provides societies with individuals to fill necessary positions.
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True
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According to Max Weber (1864-1920), power, property, and prestige are the determining factors of one's location in modern industrial society.
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True
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The ___ model of power argues that power is shared among many power centers, each of which have their own self-interests to protect.
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pluralist
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_____ refers to the extent and direction of individual movement in the social stratification system.
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(social or zone mobility)
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Which of the following is a micro-level factor that can shape social stratification?
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Physical attractiveness
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According to Karl Marx, which of the following is a characteristic of the proletariat?
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They could create a classless society if they develop a class consciousness.
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Structural-functional theorists believe that stratification is avoidable in modern societies.
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False
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Which of the following is a meso-level factor that can shape social stratification?
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Political affiliation
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Which theorist(s) is (are) most strongly associated with the structural functionalist view of social stratification?
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Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Tumin
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Emily works and makes a modest salary. However, she is unable to provide new clothes or a two-bedroom apartment for her or her children. Emily is experiencing:
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Relative poverty
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Educational organizations are found to treat children differently according to their social status.
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True
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Terry, a sociology major, decides that his senior project will be to explain to lower-class people how they are being exploited by those who control the means of production. In terms of social stratification, Terry is most likely a(n):
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Conflict theorist
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First-generation college graduates who become physicians reflect:
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Intergenerational mobility
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Jason is writing a paper on social stratification. The basic argument of his paper is that the job of "college professor" is extremely important the creation of knowledge and production of culture. Due to this importance, college professors deserve a pay increase to attract the smartest and most capable individuals to fill important role. Jason is arguing the __ theory of stratification.
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Structural-functional
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Which type of stratification system allows movement between classes?
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open
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The gap between those with access to information technology and those without is known as the:
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digitally divide
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According to evolutionary theorists, the amount of inequality differs in societies because of different levels of technological development.
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True
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Karl Marx focused primarily on economic relations in describing social stratification.
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True
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Structural-functional theorists believe that stratification is avoidable in modern societies.
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false
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Racial groups are defined by the same characteristics as ethnic groups.
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False
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Minority groups in the United States have, on average, significantly lower net worth than white Americans even when the two have similar education, income, and occupations. Sociologists attribute the wealth gap largely to housing policies that exclude minority individuals from home ownership. This is an example of __________ discrimination.
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past in present
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According to frustration-aggression theory, people rarely displace their frustration by attacking irresponsible parties.
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False
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In programs attempting to reduce racism and prejudice, which of the following is NOT an essential condition for success?
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(Equal status of the participants,Nonthreatening contact)
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__________ occurs when a minority group is blamed for others' failures and shortcomings.
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(Self-fulfilling prophecy)
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In strict affirmative action policies, after making an effort to seek a diverse applicant pool, employers are expected to hire the most qualified candidate who applies for the position.
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True
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Which term represents groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?
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Minority group
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There is no clear biological or genetic difference between different racial groups.
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True
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Side-effect discrimination is a form of unintentional discrimination.
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True
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When the Serbian army massacred Bosnian civilians while conducting "ethnic cleansing," they were participating in this type of group relation, where the dominant makes a systematic effort to destroy a minority group:
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Genocide
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Institutional discrimination cannot exist in the normal or routine ways an organization operates.
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False
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The existence of a sector of "clean" jobs and a sector of "dirty" jobs is the key assumption of which theory of group relations?
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(Structural-functional, Frustration-A)
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The term dominant groups refers to a numerical majority.
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False
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During which president's administration were affirmative action laws, used to fight pervasive institutional racism, first implemented?
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(Nixon)
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Which civil rights activist majored in sociology?
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Martin Luther King Jr
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The forced movement of Native Americans to reservations in the United States is an example of pluralism.
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False
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Split labor market theory is a branch of the structural-functionalist perspective.
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False
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Lisa strongly believes that she doesn't see race, though she treats people differently based on their race. Lisa is displaying __________ racism.
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Color Blind
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The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups that results in minority members losing their original identity refers to
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assimilation
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_______________, leader of the Indian civil disobedience revolt, led nonviolent protests against unjust laws.
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(rosa)
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Which statement is the most accurate regarding the meaning of race?
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(It is entirely dependent on fixed biological characteristics.)
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A prejudice is an action that one individual directs toward another individual.
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False
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The term minority group is used to denote that a group is the statistical minority in a society or culture.
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False
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The idea the "sometimes people must be treated differently to treat them fairly and create equality" is the central idea of
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Preference policies
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During WW2, american films often showed negative stereotypes of ______ and German people.
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Japanese
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_________ occurs when each ethnic group or racial group in a country maintains its own culture, including language and sometimes a separate set of institutions.
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Pluralism
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According to most sociologists, race is a social construct that can change with conditions in a country.
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True
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Jordan feels that his dark, long hair causes many of his classmates to label him as a minority group member. In an effort to blend in with his peers, Jordan dyes his hair blond and cuts it very close to the scalp. Which of the following reactions to being discriminated against because of his perceived minority group status does Jordan exhibit?
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Assimilation
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When Mary, the owner of a large apartment complex, was deciding whom to rent an open apartment to, she immediately disregarded the application of 84-year-old Millie because Mary does not rent apartments to old women. Mary's treatment of Millie is best described as
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individual discrimination
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Before the civil rights laws were passed in the United States in the 1960s, a number of states had ____________ laws that spelled out differential treatment for racial groups.
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Jim Crow
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__________ is a socially created concept that identifies a group as "different" based on certain biologically inherited physical characteristics.
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(Ethnic group,minority group)
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African American men in the United States have equal earning levels to white men with similar occupations.
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False
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Mahatma Gandhi, Jesse Jackson, and Caesar Chavez used ____________ to bring about institutional and societal change.
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Nonviolent resistance
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The often forced removal of a minority group from a region or country is
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(Sub, seg)
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When minority group members internalize prejudiced views about their group and allow these beliefs to shape their behavior, it creates a
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(press,stereo)
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More recently, the terrorist group ________ tried to wipe out the Yazidis, a religious minority group, in Iraq.
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ISIS
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As eric waited for class to start, he considered starting a conversation with one of his classmates. However Eric decided that they all looked like frat boys and he figured that they would have nothing in common, so he sat silently and waited for class to start. Erica behavior can be best described as
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Stereotyping
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In 1948, President _______________ moved to successfully end military segregation, and subsequent presidents have urged the passage of civil rights legislation and equal employment opportunity legislation.
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Truman
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According to frustration-aggression theory, many of the perpetrators of racist acts feel angry because they cannot achieve their work or other goals.
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True
