Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide (biology)
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Composed of nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat and are smaller than the smallest bacterium. Can't carry out respiration, grow, or develop, but can replicate. Has an inner core of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, and an outer protein coat.
answer
Viruses
question
A cell in which a virus replicates
answer
Host Cell
question
A virus that infects a bacterium
answer
Bacteriophage
question
An outer protein coat; the arrangement of proteins that determines a viruses shape.
answer
Capsid
question
Before a virus can ___________ it must enter a host cell
answer
Replicate
question
Each virus has a specifically shaped attachment protein (can usually attach to only a few kinds of cells)
answer
Protein
question
Once attached to the plasma membrane of the host cell, the virus enters the cell and takes over its metabolism
answer
Viral Replication Cycle
question
The host cell uses its own enzymes, raw materials, and energy to make copies of viral genes that along with viral proteins are assembled into new viruses, which burst from the host cell, killing it.
answer
Lytic cycle
question
Does not immediately take over the cell; viral DNA is integrated into the host chromosome
answer
Lysogenic Cycle
question
Viral DNA that is integrated into the host cells chromosome
answer
Provirus
question
Composed of proteins; no nucleic acid to carry genetic information
answer
Prions
question
Convert their RNA to DNA when RNA experiences reverse transcriptase to help produce double stranded DNA
answer
Retroviruses
question
Composed of single circular strand of RNA with no protein coat
answer
Viroids
question
Cells walls and lipids in their plasma differ
answer
Archaebacteria and Bacteria
question
Live in oxygen free environments
answer
Methane gas producing archaebacteria
question
Lives only in water with high concentrations of salt
answer
Archaebacterium
question
Live in the hot acidic waters
answer
Anaerobic archaebacterium
question
Prokaryotes that live in more hospitable places; vary in nutritional needs
answer
Eubacteria
question
Organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic wastes
answer
Saprophytes
question
Live in places with sunlight to make organic molecules for food (Cyanobacteria)
answer
Photosynthetic autotrophs
question
Sticky gelatin around the cell wall (more likely to cause a disease than one without a capsule)
answer
Capsule
question
Live in hypotonic environments (always trying to take water in)
answer
Bacteria
question
Bacteria reproduce asexually
answer
Binary fission
question
One bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another cell through or on a bridge like structure called a pills (pili) that connects the two cells
answer
Conjugation
