Cellular Energy Study Guide
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Photosynthesis
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The anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
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Cellular Respiration
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The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
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Mitochondria using glucose
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Breaks glucose apart and gets rid of the C from glucose by forming CO^2 and breathing it out. Uses CO^2 to mop up remaining H+ ions and electrons which forms water. Total of 36 ATP for each glucose.
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Light Dependent Reaction
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Process in making glucose. Breaks water apart to run this. H- has electrons stripped from it and both electrons and the remaining H+ ions get used to run the process. O is not needed and released as a waste product.
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Light Independent Reaction
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Making glucose step 2 after light dependent reaction. Takes CO^2 and makes glucose out of it. Energy to run this comes from light dependent reaction.
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Cellular Respiration
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Goal is to make lots of ATP by releasing the energy stored in glucose. Happens in mitochondria. Uses carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Calvin Cycle
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series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions
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Glycosis
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first step in releasing the energy of glucose in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
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Krebs Cycle
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Second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
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Glucose
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a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms
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Water
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a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants
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Sun Energy
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Major source of energy for all living things.
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Electromagnetic Energy
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a form of energy that travels through space as waves
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Chemical Energy
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that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction
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Oxygen
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a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas
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Carbon Dioxide
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a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances
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ATP
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(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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ADP
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adenosine diphosphate; molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups
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Adenine
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nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
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Ribose
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a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
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Phosphate
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makes up the sides of the DNA ladder with deoxyribose
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Lactic Acid
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waste product produced by Fermentation; causes muscles to be sore
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Ethanol
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the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors
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Fermentation
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Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen., a chemical phenomenon in which an organic molecule splits into simpler substances
