question

biological foundations

answer

the study of brain systems and sensory processes are examples of what general theme?

question

potential & dysfunction

answer

mental health psychologists are most likely to be concerned with which of the following topics?

question

mental health

answer

a counseling psychologist is most likely to be working in which area?

question

nature vs nurture

answer

A psychologist's research focuses on whether a person's personality is determined by the genes inherited from parents or by childhood and adolescent experiences. This type of research is attempting to answer the question of _________________.

question

What is the reciprocal relationship between the mind and the body?

answer

Which question about the mind versus body controversy MOST represents today's research by psychologists?

question

Differences versus similarities

answer

You are interested in studying the parenting skills of Americans and Europeans. As a psychologist, your research is attempting to answer which enduring question?

question

Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle

answer

The field of psychology originated with the _________________.

question

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory to study the mind.

answer

Psychology made the transition from philosophy to a scientific discipline with which event?

question

described the elements of sensations and perceptions

answer

Structuralism, an early school of psychology ________________________.

question

Functionalism

answer

Which early school of psychology focused on explaining behavior, emotion, and thought as active adaptations to environmental pressures?

question

Behaviorism

answer

The Sea World animal trainers use rewards (reinforcements) to teach whales, sea lions and dolphins to perform tricks. These training techniques are based on principles from which early school of psychology?

question

John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner

answer

Which psychologists were proponents of studying only observable behavior and not the mind?

question

the unconscious and early childhood experiences

answer

The psychodynamic school of psychology emphasizes _____________________.

question

psychodynamic; cognitive

answer

Sigmund Freud founded the early school of ____________ psychology while Jean Piaget influenced the development of the ____________ school of psychology.

question

Cognitive psychology

answer

Which school of psychology originated with studying the growth of thought and language processes in infants and children?

question

Jean Piaget recorded the progressive development of infants and children's thinking through four major stages.

answer

The difference between the cognitive research of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky is that ____________________.

question

each person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual

answer

Humanism which developed as a reaction to the behaviorism and psychodynamic schools of psychology, emphasized that ___________________________.

question

Abraham Maslow

answer

Which person is most credited with the school of humanistic psychology and the concept of self-actualization?

question

69

answer

All contemporary perspectives in psychology are interconnected in that the research of each perspective is influenced by the research findings of the other perspectives... not a question just notes

question

biological

answer

Research based on the _____________ perspective would focus on the connections of the nervous system and the neurotransmitters that affect feelings such as of sadness and despair.

question

cognitive

answer

The invention of computer technology in the 1950's led to the development of the contemporary perspective of ________ psychology.

question

Behavioral neuroscience, biological and cognitive

answer

Neuroimaging techniques are used by which contemporary perspectives?

question

Social

answer

A current research study has found that parenting styles differ among people from the United States, China, and Australia. This type of research best represents which contemporary psychology perspective?

question

69

answer

(not a Question)Developmental: emphasizes how cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional factors change and show stability across the lifespan

question

Clinical

answer

Maria is experiencing several personal setbacks, including academic problems, marital difficulties, and a dyingmother who needs her help. Maria is feeling overwhelmed, sad, and lonely. A psychologist who represents the _________ perspective could best help her.

question

Individual differences/personality

answer

A psychologist is interested in studying how the character traits that a person has inherited influence the ability to handle stress. This study most likely reflects the contemporary __________ perspective.

question

basic

answer

A study is conducted to determine the extent of damage, if any, to the brains of three groups of people who have had high blood pressure for either 5 years, 10 years, or 15 years. This study is an example of ________ research.

question

applied research

answer

Research conducted specifically for the purpose of solving practical problems and improving quality of life is called _____________.

question

theory; hypothesis

answer

A __________ is a general, tentative explanation that tries to account for diverse findings on the relationships between variables and therefore provides ideas for future research, whereas a __________ is a specific prediction about the relationship between two or more variables that is to be tested.

question

Write hypothesis, conduct study, analyze data, write conclusion, publish article

answer

Which of the following is the correct sequence of activities for a psychologist utilizing the scientific research method?

question

hypothesis

answer

"Children who play violent video games will become more aggressive." Based on the scientific research method, this statement is most likely a __________.

question

operational definition

answer

A precise statement of how a variable in a study will be observed and measured is called a(n) __________.

question

conceptual

answer

A researcher hypothesizes that children who play violent video games will become more aggressive. The variables "play violent video games" and "become more aggressive" are ____________ variables.

question

must be informed as much as possible about the purpose and conditions of the research, and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any tim

answer

The ethical requirement of informed consent means that participants ___________________.

question

dendrites

answer

The branchlike fibers extending in clusters from the neuron's cell body are called __________.

question

soma

answer

The function of the ______ is to keep the cell alive.

question

long, tubelike structure extending from a neuron's cell body

answer

An axon is a ____________.

question

axons

answer

Terminal buttons are found at the ends of __________.

question

receiving; sending

answer

Dendrite is to axon as _________ is to _________.

question

Dendrite, cell body, axon

answer

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another?

question

Myelin

answer

What is the term for the insulating material that covers some axons?

question

Nodes of Ranvier

answer

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

question

gap

answer

A synapse is a __________.

question

Endorphins

answer

What neurotransmitter is important if there is an injury and pain relief is necessary?

question

Acetylcholine

answer

My Aunt Mabel has Alzheimer's disease. What neurotransmitter is likely in low supply in her brain?

question

medulla

answer

If a person is shot, and the bullet destroys the part of the brain called the _____________, which maintains basic life functions (heart rate, breathing), there is virtually no chance for surviving that injury.

question

69

answer

(not a question) The thalamus resides just above the brain stem area and filters sensory information to the higher levels in the brain.

question

reticular formation

answer

The part of the brain stem called the _________ has been shown to be related to arousal in lab animals; when this part is stimulated, the animal is awake; when it's severed (cut), the animal goes into a coma.

question

cerebellum

answer

Jim's friends noticed that he was stumbling around, consistently losing his balance while walking. It's possible that his ___________ has been negatively affected or injured on some way.

question

it's the oldest brain region

answer

The reason the area of the brain that includes the brain stem is called the "old brain" is that ____________________.

question

newer memories, but still retains older memories

answer

Sally was hospitalized after a car accident, and due to injury to her hippocampus, she has trouble with __________________________.

question

amygdala

answer

By stimulating the __________ part of the limbic system in lab animals, researchers found that the animal will display anger/rage instantly.

question

serves as a reward center

answer

Researchers discovered that the hypothalamus helps to regulate basic drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexuality. Another interesting aspect of the hypothalamus is that it ___________________.

question

cerebral cortex

answer

The human brain's more advanced structure, compared to most animal brains, is the __________________.

question

one hemisphere's ability to receive sensations and control movement of the opposite side of the body

answer

Contralateral control describes ____________________.

question

motor; somatosensory

answer

The ___________ cortex sends signals to move our muscles, whereas the ____________ cortex receives information about bodily sensations.

question

occipital

answer

The visual cortex is located in the _________ lobe.

question

somatosensory

answer

The _________ cortex is part of the parietal lobe.

question

difference between hemispheres

answer

Lateralization of brain function refers to the ___________ of the brain.

question

When parts of the brain compensate for damages to another part of the brain

answer

Which of the following best describes the process of neuroplasticity?

question

form brand new neurons

answer

Neurogenesis refers to the brain's ability to ______________.

question

neuroplasticity

answer

Julie fell during an accident at work and suffered damage that affected her ability to comprehend language. After a few months of therapy, her ability to understand language has improved. This most likely demonstrated ______________.

question

corpus callosum

answer

The two separate hemispheres are connected by the ___________.

question

nerve is made up of a bundle of interconnected neurons

answer

The difference between a nerve and a neuron is that a ____________.

question

interneuron

answer

The most common type of neuron in the human body is the ___________.

question

central and peripheral nervous systems

answer

The two main divisions of the nervous system are ____________.

question

quick, involuntary responses that are not processed in the brain

answer

Reflexes are _______________________.

question

spinal reflex

answer

Cecilia accidentally touched her hot curling iron and immediately withdrew her hand before becoming consciously aware of the sensation or movement. She was able to do this because of a(n) _____________.

question

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

answer

The key components of the peripheral nervous system are

question

peripheral nervous system

answer

The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the ____________.

question

somatic nervous system

answer

Christopher Reeve was accidentally thrown from his horse while riding. Unfortunately, he landed on his head and was paralyzed from the shoulders down. Although his mental abilities were intact, he was unable to move the lower part of his body, which was a result of permanent damage to his ______________.

question

motor; somatic

answer

As Mona was searching for her phone in her purse, she accidentally dropped her keys on the floor. She quickly reached down, retrieved them, and put them back in her purse. This voluntary reaction involved _____________ signals that were communicated to her muscles via the ____________ nervous system.

question

peripheral; autonomic nervous system

answer

While asleep, Jesse's heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion are functioning without any conscious effort on his part. This is because a subdivision of the ___________ nervous system called the ____________ regulates these involuntary functions.

question

sympathetic and parasympathetic

answer

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are ________________.

question

sympathetic nervous system

answer

At home alone late one night, Carlos had just finished watching a very frightening movie when there was a knock on the door. His heart rate suddenly increased, his breathing accelerated, and he began to sweat. These physiological changes were most likely triggered by his __________________.

question

parasympathetic nervous system

answer

When Carlos answered the door, he discovered it was the pizza delivery person; before long, he calmed down, and his blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing returned to their normal state. These physical reactions were most likely regulated by his ________________.

question

sympathetic

answer

The heightened physical arousal that characterizes the fight-or-flight response involves the __________ division of the nervous system.

question

homeostasis

answer

When your parasympathetic nervous system works to maintain vital bodily functions so that your body is in its natural balance, it is called ____________.

question

hypothalamus

answer

The ______________ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

question

pituitary gland

answer

Before entering 9th grade, Brooks had to have most of his clothes replaced because he had grown almost 3 inches since the previous year. The gland responsible for his growth is the ____________.

question

growth; pain

answer

The pituitary gland is the body's master gland, which is responsible for __________ and hormones that influence feelings of __________ and signal the sexual reproduction hormones.

question

adrenal glands; kidneys

answer

The ____________ produce hormones that regulate salt and water balance and are located on top of the ____________.

question

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

answer

What are the two most important hormones that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system into action when we are feeling stressed?

question

Pituitary gland

answer

Which gland directly regulates the production of hormones in other endocrine glands?

question

keep the body supplied with energy sources such as sugar and insulin

answer

The function of the pancreas is to ____________.

question

melatonin; wake/sleep cycle

answer

The pineal gland secretes ____________, a hormone that helps regulate the _____________.

question

adrenal glands

answer

Roberto, who is about to take the final exam for his psychology course, is totally stressed out because it is worth 50 percent of his grade. The endocrine system gland(s) that is (are) likely to be stimulated is (are) the ____________.

question

sensation

answer

Detection of energy from the environment and initiating neural action in response to it is called ____________.

question

olfaction

answer

The sensory system that detects smells is __________.

question

perception

answer

You answer your cell phone without checking to see who is calling. You recognize your best friend, Maria, from her voice. This is an example of _____________.

question

the intensity of a stimulus where we can just barely detect it

answer

The term absolute threshold refers to ________________________.

question

the smallest difference between two stimuli that you can detect

answer

The term JND refers to ________________________.

question

thalamus

answer

The brain region that receives signals from all of the senses except smell is the ____________.

question

HIT and FALSE ALARM

answer

In a signal detection task, which of the following two outcomes both involve a "YES" response from the person being tested?

question

Psychophysics

answer

What is the branch of psychology that studies the effects of physical stimuli on sensory perceptions and mental states?

question

false

answer

True or False: Signal detection analysis is a technique to determine the ability of a perceiver to make signals.

question

Weber's law

answer

It is easy to detect the difference between a 1 lb weight and a 2 lb weight, however, it is much more difficult to detect the difference between a 51 lb weight and a 52 lb weight, even though the difference is the same: 1 lb. This is consistent with _______________.

question

Wavelength

answer

What differentiates light energy we can perceive visually from light energy we cannot perceive visually?

question

iris

answer

The _________ is a muscle that regulates the size of the pupil.

question

lens; retina

answer

When a person is nearsighted, the ______ focuses light from objects far away in front of the _____, instead of on it.

question

both sides

answer

Information from the left eye is processed on __________ of the visual cortex.

question

Cones

answer

Which type of neural cell is responsible for color vision?

question

Occipital

answer

In which lobe of the brain is visual information processed?

question

We consciously direct our eyes to pick up the information missed by the blind spot.

answer

Which is not a good explanation of why we don't notice a "hole" in our visual field due to our blind spot?

question

very bright

answer

Light energy with very high amplitude would be perceived as ___________.

question

red-green colorblindness

answer

The Young-Helmholtz theory best explains __________.

question

similarity

answer

Amy lines up 5 pennies in a row from left to right. Below each penny, she places a quarter. You are likely to perceive this as two rows of coins, rather than 10 separate objects because of the principle of ___________.

question

It is both learned and innate

answer

What is most accurate regarding the development of depth perception?

question

binocular depth cue

answer

Convergence is an example of a(n) ___________.

question

relative size

answer

You look out the window, and a tree appears to be very small, about the same size as your hand. You know that this means the tree must be quite far away because of the depth cue known as __________.

question

convergence

answer

Judging the distance of a nearby object based on the angle your eyes are turned towards each other uses the depth perception cue known as __________.

question

the beta effect

answer

When two images near each other are presented in succession, we perceive that it is one object that has moved. This is known as ___________.

question

frequency

answer

Loudness is to amplitude as pitch is to ____________.

question

100

answer

An 80-decibel sound is about ___________ times louder than a 60-decibel sound.

question

outer ear

answer

Which part of the ear contains the pinna and auditory canal?

question

middle ear

answer

The vibrations of the eardrum are amplified by three tiny bones: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. They are located in the _____________.

question

cochlea

answer

The __________ is a fluid-filled chamber that contains the sensory receptors for audition.

question

Hair cells

answer

__________ are the sensory receptors for audition.

question

Place theory

answer

Which theory holds that the pitch we hear is determined by the particular location on the cochlea where the hair cells vibrate the most?

question

Frequency theory

answer

Which of the following theories is currently thought to provide the best explanation for how we perceive low frequencies (below 150 hz)?

question

sensorineural hearing loss

answer

Hearing loss caused by exposure to loud noise is known as __________ .

question

Taste

answer

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

question

Olfactory receptors

answer

Which of the following would play a role in alerting you to a gas leak in your home?

question

pain, pressure, hot, and cold

answer

The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of _______________.

question

the gate-control theory

answer

Brian banged his shin against a desk and grimaced with pain. He quickly bent over and began rubbing his leg where he'd banged it and the pain he was experiencing started to subside a bit. This phenomenon can best be explained by ___________.

question

activation of specific neural fibers in your spinal cord

answer

According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing the ____________.

question

Complex sensations arise from the combined stimulation of several basic senses.

answer

The sense of touch includes four basic sensations. How do we experience other types of sensations, such as wetness?

question

synesthesia

answer

As John is reading, he sees the words, but the letters in all the words evoke the experience of colors. This condition is called ______________.

question

we combine information from speech and from the way the speaker's lips are moving to hear something different from either

answer

The McGurk effect occurs when ___________________.

question

sensory interaction

answer

Imagine that someone across the room drops a plate and it crashes to the ground and breaks. Light travels faster than sound, but our brains make it seem that the sight of the breaking plate and the smashing sound are exactly simultaneous. This is an example of ______________.

question

selects specific information to send for deeper processing, and fails to encode much of the other available information

answer

When we experience a complex environment, our attention system ____________________.

question

We can fully attend to only one conversation at a time, but some information from other conversations can get into consciousness.

answer

The text describes the "cocktail party phenomenon," which occurs when we are at a party or meeting where many conversations are going on around us at the same time. What happens?

question

is based on our experience with the interior and exterior of buildings

answer

A plausible explanation for the Mueller-Lyer illusion, the perception of the lines as differing in length when they are actually the same length, is that it ______________.

question

they show us how our perceptual system uses information from the world around us to infer what the world is like

answer

the point of studying perceptual illusions is that _______________.

question

Converging lines are perceived as lines going into the distance.

answer

The Ponzo illusion is based on what perceptual inference?

question

Our perceptual system is influenced by the detailed objects on earth we see near the moon when it is near the horizon, leading the perceptual system to treat it as a closer, and therefore larger, object.

answer

Why does the moon illusion occur?

Test 1 – Module Q’s

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