Vital Signs Exam
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What is the difference between hyperthermia and hypothermia?
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Hypothermia=low Body temperature below 95• Hyperthermia= occurs when the body temp exceeds 104•
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List 2 ways you can tell a rectal clinical thermometer from an oral clinical thermometer.
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Rectal: -stubby round bulb -May be marked with red tip Clinical: -contains mercury/alcohol -slender glass tube
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Why do OSHA, EPA, and AMA all discourage the use of mercury-filled clinical thermometers?
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Contaminate water supplies Build up in the tissues of fish and animals
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How can you prevent cross-contamination while using the probe of an electronic thermometer.
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Disposable cover place over thermometer
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How do plastic or paper thermometers register body temperature?
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Contain special chemical dots/stripes that change colors when exposed to certain temps.
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Why is it important to ask patients if they have hAd anything to eat or drink or if they have smoked before taking oral temperature?
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Alters temperature
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How long should a thermometer soak in a disinfectant(after cleaning) before it is safe to rinse in cold water and use on a patient?
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30 minutes
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How many times a person breathes in 1 minute
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Respiration
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One respiration consist of one _____ and one _____
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Inspiration and expiration
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What is the normal rate for respiration in adults
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12-20
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What is the normal rate for children
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15-30
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What's is the normal rate for infants?
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20-40
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3 words to describe the character/volume of respiration
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Deep shallow moist
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2 words describing the rhythms of respiration
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Regular/irregular
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Difficult breathing
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Dyspnea
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No breathing
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Apnea
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Periods of dyspnea
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Cheyne-stokes
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Bubbly wet sounds
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Rales
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Abnormally fast
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Tachypnea
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Abnormally slow
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Bradypnea
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High pitched
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Wheezing
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Why is it important that the patient is not Aware that you are counting respirations?
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They might mess up your calculations
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If you are taking a TPR how can you count respirations without letting the patient know that you are doing it?
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Act like taking pulse
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4 things you check and document
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Rate Rhythm Volume[ 1.) thready, 2.) weak, 3.) strong, 4.) bounding]
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Side of head
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Temporal
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Neck
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Carotid
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Elbow/arm
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Brachial
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Wrist
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Radial
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Upper leg
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Femoral
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Behind the knee
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Popliteal
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Top of the foot
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Pedal
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Things that increase pulse rate
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Exercise, certain meds, excitement, fever, shock, nervousness
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Things that decrease pulse rate
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Sleeps, meds, heart disease, physical fitness, coma, depression
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Normal rate
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Adult: 60-90 children 6-10: 70-110 children 1-7: 80-120 infants 90-140
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Anything less than 60
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Bradycardia
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High/fast greater than 100
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Tachycardia(adults)
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Actual heart rate
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Apical pulse
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HR + pulse should be the same
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Pulse deficit
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Arrhythmia
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Irregular/abnormal rhythm
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Heart sound are caused by
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Closing valves in the heart
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Pulse deficit frequently cause by
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Heart being weak and not pumping a sufficient amount of blood
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Conditions requiring apical pulse
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Irregular heart beats, weak pulses, rapid pulses, infants and children have rapid radial pulse
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Report and abnormal sounds while taking apical pulses_____ to your _____
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Immediately. Supervisor
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Clean stethoscope before and after
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Apical pulse(diaphragm and ear pieces)
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Aural temp
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Ear
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A febrile
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Temp in Normal range
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febrile
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Having fever
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Blood pressure
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Measurement of pressure that the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries during the various stage of heart activity
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Systolic
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Pressure occurs in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into arteries
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Diastolic
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Pressure is the constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is at rest between contractions
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The average reading for systolic pressure is ____ with a range of 100 to 140 mm hg
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120 mm hg
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The average reading for diastolic pressure is _____ with a range of 60 to 90 mm hg
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80 mm hg
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Hypertension is indicated when pressures are greater than 140 mm hg systolic and 90 mm hg diastolic
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...
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List three causes of hypotension
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Dehydration Depression Shock
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What is orthostatic of postural hypotension? What causes it
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Inability of blood vessels to react quickly to the change of position. Sitting to standing
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3 factors that can increase blood pressure
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Excitement Salt intake Stress
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3 factors that can decrease of lower blood pressure
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Sleep Fasting Depressant drugs
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Why does OSHA discourage the use of mercury sphygmomanometer
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The possibility of spill and contaminantion
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Why is it important to use the correct size cuff
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If you don't use the correct size you can get the wrong reading.
