question

Identified health effects of asbestos exposure

answer

Irving Selikoff

question

Father of occupational medicine

answer

Bernardino Ramazzini

question

Described phossy jaw

answer

Alice Hamilton

question

Tracked the occurrence of scrotal cancer

answer

Sir Percival Pott

question

Decribed hazards to miners

answer

Galen

question

An occupational disease caused by the inhalation of certain dust particles is called

answer

Pneumoconiosis

question

Allergies caused by industrial chemicals often exhibit the following symptoms

answer

Dermatitis

question

The last line of defense against occupational hazards should be

answer

Use of PPE

question

Sources of jobs stress include

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following conditions accounted for approximately 12% of occupational illness in the US

answer

Dermatitis

question

Currently, the leading cause of occupational injuries and illness

answer

Sprains and strains

question

The job classification that involves the highest percentage of anxiety, stress, and neurotic disorders

answer

Technical, sales, and administrative support

question

The highest rate of fatal occupational injuries occurs among which industry sector?

answer

Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting

question

The average traffic noise on a city street has the following sound level during the day (approximately)

answer

80 dBA

question

OSHA recommended permissible noise standards are

answer

85 dBA/ 8hrs

question

The health consequences of exposure to high intensity noise include

answer

All of the above

question

The sound vibrations picked up by the eardrum are translated into nerve impulses in the:

answer

Cochlea

question

Which of the following factors about noise is not important in causing hearing loss?

answer

None of the above; they are all important

question

Threshold Limit Values are

answer

Airborne concentrations of substances that represent conditions under which nearly all workers may be unaffected

question

The mad hatter's disease refers to:

answer

Mercury poisoning

question

The growing solid waste problem is characterized by

answer

All of the above

question

The most favored method for waste management is

answer

Source reduction

question

Source reduction involves the following activities

answer

Less wasteful package designs

question

Which of the following is inappropriate for composting?

answer

Fats, oils, grease

question

The term 'recycling' usually applies to all the following except

answer

Discarding materials in landfills

question

The most frequently recycled materials is:

answer

Used automobile batteries

question

Hazards associated with sanitary landfill operations include

answer

All of the above

question

Paper contributes the following percentage of the total municipal solid waste stream:

answer

30-40%

question

Which of the following statements about incineration is untrue?

answer

Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals

question

A product (that could be used as a fuel) of anaerobic decomposition of garbage in a landfill is:

answer

Methane

question

The greatest danger of medical waste is to:

answer

Those who are occupationally exposed onsite

question

The primary stage of sewage processing involves

answer

Settlement of suspended solids

question

Septic systems can be hazardous because: a. They cannot decontaminate microorganisms

answer

They usually fail after a period of 20 to 30 years, polluting groundwater.

question

The Love Canal site:

answer

All of the above

question

The term hazardous waste denotes:

answer

By-products of society that can pose a hazard to human health

question

The term garbage denotes:

answer

Items that people discard such as yard trimmings, plastics, and glass

question

The term leachate denotes:

answer

Water that collects contaminants as it trickles through wastes

question

The term waste denotes:

answer

Materials that are perceived to be of negative value

question

The term pollution denotes:

answer

Introduction into the natural environment by humans of potentially harmful substances, materials, or energy

question

The advantages of genetically modified foods do not include

answer

Reduction in genetic diversity

question

The purpose of metaphylaxis is to:

answer

A and B

question

A justification for the hazard analysis of critical control points is that:

answer

Health hazards can be introduced at any point from harvest to consumption.

question

Chemical hazards that may be present in food include:

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is an interpretation of the Delaney Clause?

answer

Carcinogenic chemicals are not permitted in food in any amounts

question

Food additives are used to achieve all the following except:

answer

Keep food free from rodent filth

question

When used as a food additive, nitrates and nitrites

answer

May react with other substances to form carcinogens

question

The abbreviation GRAS stands for:

answer

None of the above

question

Which of the following is not an example of an incidental additive?

answer

Vitamins to improve nutrition

question

One of the agents responsible for many publicized outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness on cruise ships is:

answer

Norovirus

question

An example of a hepatitis virus that can be transmitted by food is:

answer

HAV

question

Infection with Taenia saginata is associated with eating:

answer

Raw beef

question

Acute chemical toxicity transmitted by food still exists for all the reasons listed below except:

answer

None of the above

question

Irradiation as a method of food preservation is:

answer

Best for many types of meat and some fruit

question

An example of a malicious food additive is

answer

Endrin

question

The agency tasked with regulation of food safety at the international level is the

answer

FAO

question

The U.S. agency tasked with assuring the safety of meat, poultry, and dried and liquid eggs is the

answer

USDA

question

The U.S. agency tasked generally with assuring the safety of all domestic and imported food with the exception of meat, poultry, and dried and liquid eggs is the:

answer

FDA

question

The U.S. agency tasked generally with providing leadership in control of foodborne illness is the:

answer

CDC

question

The methods for investigating a foodborne outbreak include:

answer

All of the above

question

HAV

answer

Virus

question

Coprinus artrementaris

answer

Toxin

question

BSE

answer

Prion

question

T. spiralis

answer

Worm

question

C. jejuni

answer

Bacterium

question

In order to decrease man-made carbon monoxide pollution we would need to:

answer

Reduce emissions from mobile sources of air pollution

question

Naturally occurring sources of air pollution include

answer

All of the above

question

A temperature inversion causes a

answer

Greater concentration of pollutants close to the earth's surface

question

Which of the following effects has been associated with air pollution?

answer

All of the above

question

The worldwide death toll from air pollution has been estimated to range up to approximately:

answer

None of the above

question

Which of the following pollutants is not listed by the EPA as a criteria air pollutant:

answer

Smog

question

Identify the incorrect statement regarding diesel exhaust:

answer

All researchers agree that it poses a risk to human health.

question

As of 2010, according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the standard for carbon monoxide levels during an 8-hour period is:

answer

9 ppm

question

A major contributor to acid rain is:

answer

SO2

question

One of the human health effects of sulfur dioxide is:

answer

Bronchoconstriction

question

Which of the following is an example of a suspected carcinogen found in urban air?

answer

Nitrogen oxides

question

Carboxyhemoglobin may be formed when a person inhales air that contains:

answer

Carbon monoxide

question

Acute health effects of air pollution include:

answer

All of the above

question

The Clean Air Act of 1970 required:

answer

The EPA to set up air quality standards

question

Improperly vented indoor cooking stoves can:

answer

All of the above

question

The main difference between the sick building syndrome and building-related illness is that:

answer

B and C

question

The least likely explanation for global warming is that it is due to:

answer

Normal variations in the earth's temperature

question

The potential impacts of global warming include:

answer

All of the above

question

Mechanical devices for the control of industrial emissions of particulate matter do not include

answer

CO afterburners

question

Acid rain is:

answer

The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air

question

Smog is:

answer

A mixture of pollutants, principally ground-level ozone

question

The creation of aerosol particles denotes

answer

Dust, soot, and other finely divided solid and liquid particles

question

Smog complex is:

answer

A condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract, and chest pains

question

A temperature inversion is:

answer

An atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer

question

Which of the following facts about the Kyoto Protocol is true?

answer

All of the above

question

Particularly at risk for waterborne pathogens are

answer

All of the above

question

In dry climates in the western U.S., the major use of water is for

answer

Landscapes

question

Finished water is defined as:

answer

The water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment

question

An aquifer is defined as:

answer

A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater

question

Water scarcity is defined as:

answer

An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person

question

Water stress is defined as:

answer

An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person

question

The hydrological cycle is defined as

answer

The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies

question

In the U.S., disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other methods is done to remove:

answer

Pathogenic microorganisms

question

Coagulation during water treatment is designed to remove:

answer

Particles suspended in water

question

Very small particles can be removed from drinking water by:

answer

B and C

question

To ensure the safety of all drinking water from the public water supply in the United States, standards are set by:

answer

The EPA

question

To ensure the safety of all bottled drinking water in the United States, standards are set by

answer

None of above

question

Drinking water treatment involves all the following except:

answer

Removal of all dissolved chemicals

question

Potential water hazards that are not controlled by current treatment methods are:

answer

Solvents

question

The human actions that lead to coastal degradation include

answer

All of the above

question

The worst marine oil spill in history was:

answer

The Exxon Valdez oil spill

question

The microbial agent Giardia intestinalis is an example of:

answer

An enteric protozoal parasite

question

The microbial agent Vibrio cholerae is an example of:

answer

A bacterial enteropathogen

question

The microbial agent for hepatitis A is an example of:

answer

A viral pathogen

question

A microbial agent that can survive processing by water treatment plants is:

answer

Cryptosporidium parvum

question

A human can survive longer without food than without water.

answer

True

question

In the United States, the average person uses about 400 gallons of water per day.

answer

False

question

Production of one barrel of beer requires 1,500 gallons of water

answer

True

question

About 90% of the world lacks safe drinking water.

answer

False

question

The two main sources of drinking water are surface water and groundwater

answer

True

question

Which of the following products sometimes contains radioactive substances

answer

A,C,D

question

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei" and is radioactive is:

answer

An isotope

question

The amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by:

answer

Size or weight of the radioactive source

question

Which of the following is an SI unit of ionizing radiation measurement

answer

Becquerel

question

The term mrad stands for:

answer

1/1000 of a rad

question

Which of the following forms of radiation can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin

answer

beta particles

question

A measure of radiation dose related to biological effect is:

answer

The rem or sievert

question

A measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material is:

answer

The curie or becquerel

question

A measure of the absorbed dose of radiation is:

answer

The rad or gray

question

Identify the incorrect statement

answer

Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health.

question

Bodily injury from radiation depends on:

answer

All of the above

question

An event that became a symbol for the anti-nuclear movement was:

answer

The Three Mile Island accident

question

The most effective protection of the population against the risks of man-made radiation exposure is to:

answer

Limit exposure to cases where the benefits outweigh the risks

question

Alpha radiation is non-penetrating and therefore

answer

It is dangerous when ingested or inhaled and localizes in certain tissues.

question

The effects of ionizing radiation include

answer

All of the above

question

The term that refers to low levels of ionizing radiation exposure over long time periods that are associated with an increased probability of the occurrence of an adverse health event

answer

Stochastic effect

question

The term that refers to some scientists' beliefs that low levels of radiation are beneficial to one's health is:

answer

Hormesis

question

Sources of extraterrestrial radiation include:

answer

Cosmic radiation

question

The Goiânia incident illustrated:

answer

Careless disposal of a radiotherapy machine

question

One of the main concerns regarding the detonation of a RDD is:

answer

Fear and panic

question

Sources of nonionizing radiation include:

answer

All of the above

question

A major concern of exposure to extremely low frequency radiation has been:

answer

Childhood leukemia and brain cancers

question

Which of the following statements is inaccurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer:

answer

The long-term effects are clear and definitive

question

The portion of the optical spectrum that has been most closely associated with adverse human health effects is:

answer

UVB

question

The most dangerous health effect linked to cell phone use is

answer

Traffic crashes

Essentials of Environmental Health 2nd Ed

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