Biology Lab 8: Photosynthesis
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
in chloroplasts.
answer
Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes?
question
thylakoid membrane
answer
(light) energy capturing Note that most of the components of light capturing are in the ______.
question
-photosystems -electron transport chains -enzymes (like ATP synthase)
answer
Name three components.
question
-split -giving up electrons and forming molecular oxygen.
answer
Not that water in the thylakoid lumen is _____, ___________.
question
ATP and NADPH
answer
After light capturing reaction, _____ and _____ are in the stroma and ready to be used as energy sou
question
in the stroma
answer
Carbon Fixation: the Calvin Cycle Occurs where?
question
ATP and NADPH
answer
Carbon Fixation: the Calvin Cycle uses what?
question
Consumes CO2, reducing it to make carbohydrates
answer
Carbon Fixation: the Calvin Cycle consumes what and does what?
question
are where the captured light energy is stored
answer
Carbon Fixation: the Calvin Cycle the carbohydrates (like glucose, C6H12O6) are where what takes place?
question
how measuring O2 and CO2 relates to photosynthesis
answer
Procedure-02 and CO2 production during photosynthesis make sure you understand what?
question
assemble everything, then let the system sit undisturbed for 5 minutes
answer
equilibriate means?
question
what wavelength of light they do not absorb well and thus reflect.
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography pigments have color based on ______.
question
separates molecules based on their different rates of movement through a substance due to their different chemical properties (here, movement through paper using petroleum ehter as a solvent)
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Chromatography does what?
question
Don't breathe in much of the petroleum ether!
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Don't do what?
question
ALONE
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography How are you to work?
question
Expect to see four bands. note their relative speeds.
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Expect to see what and note their what?
question
different from lab manual.
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Directions for preparing your sample (_______).
question
-fold the paper -top half of your thumb
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #1 ___ the paper about the distance of the _______ from the bottom.
question
-pipette to add 50 uL -Slowly
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #2 use the _________ of spinach extract at the fold (add it ____, back and forth across the fold)
question
allow to dry
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #3 unfold and ______ (you can blow on it)
question
-crease the paper lengthwise -stand up
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #4 __________ so that it can ____ reasonably well in the jar
question
juice band near the bottom
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #5 put the paper in the petroleum ether jar, with the _______.
question
Cap it quickly!
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #6 do not leave the jar open for long---_____!
question
before the top band runs off
answer
Procedure A: Separation of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography Direction #7 remove the paper ________ (about 10-15 minutes after you started)
question
absorption spectrum of chlorophyll.
answer
Procedure C-Analysis of Chlorophyll with a Spectroscope You are making a crude measurement of the ______.
question
what color is not useful for photosynthesis because it is not absorbed well by chlorophyll or any accessory pigment.
answer
Procedure C-Analysis of Chlorophyll with a Spectroscope Be sure you are clear about __________.
question
-fluorescence -perpendicular to the light source to see it well (tilting the tub can help, too).
answer
Procedure D: Excitement of Electrons in the Reaction Center The chlorophyll extract will give off light by ______- you need to look _________.
question
see the color and understand why that is the color given off.
answer
Procedure D: Excitement of Electrons in the Reaction Center Be sure that you _______.
question
Storage of Starch in Leaves
answer
What is the demo that will be observed in groups of 4 and explained by a TA?
question
Role of CO2 in Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plants
answer
What is the demo that you will observe alone or in pairs (same as last week)?
question
plants perform aerobic respiration in the dark, and both aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in the light.
answer
Role of CO2 in Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plants: Be sure to remember that _______.
question
chroatography
answer
Note that a short video of the _______ is available on your lab Canvas.
question
answer
What is the general equation for photosynthesis?
question
-oxidized -produced
answer
In other words, water is _____, and oxygen is _____.
question
Hydrogen to the carbon atoms to make sugar.
answer
Carbon dioxide is reduced by adding _______ to make ____.
question
-input of energy -endergonic
answer
Recall that reduction reactions require ________ because they are _____.
question
ATP and NADPH -two forms of chemical energy that are useful to plants
answer
Light energy is the ultimate source of energy, and it is used to make _____ and ______, _______.
question
oxidized
answer
Water is ______ during "light reactions.
question
reactions that require sunlight.
answer
"light reactions" are?
question
chlorophyll molecule
answer
Sunlight of a particular wavelength excites a _______.
question
paper chromatography
answer
Today you will look at pigments after you separate them with ______.
question
1. "chlorophyll a" molecules are energized by sunlight (i.e., an electron is absorbed to a higher energy level 2. Some of this energy is used to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP (chemical energy) 3. Some of the energy is used to help reduce NADP to NADPH (chemical energy) 4. Water is split to form oxygen
answer
So, during light reactions what four IMPORTANT events occur?
question
-ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to make carbohydrate- recall that "reduction reactions require an input of energy
answer
Another set of reactions, the Calvin Cycle, will use what to do what?
question
dark reactions -but they can occur in the light also if chemical energy is available.
answer
The reactions of the Calvin Cycle are often called the _________, but _____.
question
then the Calvin Cycle must stop.
answer
If all the ATP and NADPH molecules made during the light reactions are used up, ______.
question
-water and CO2 -O2 and carbohydrate (=G3P=glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate=PGAL=3-phosphoglyceraldehyde). -carbohydrate -molecules (e.g., cellulose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, starch)
answer
So, with respect to photosynthesis, a plant consumes ________; a plant produces________. This _____ can be used to make many types of ______.
question
-certain wavelengths of light. -crucial to the light reactions.
answer
We know that special molecules of "chlorophyll a" (called the reaction centers) are excited by _______, and are therefore ________.
question
"Accessory pigments."
answer
However, plants have other pigments that act as _______.
question
These pigments gather energy from sunlight and pass that energy to the reaction centers.
answer
Accessory pigments do what?
question
Separate these pigments from spinach leaves by using chromatography.
answer
What will we do with these pigments in lab today?
question
Chromatography paper has fibers of a certain size. Molecules, such as pigments, are able to migrate along the paper if they are soluble in an appropriate solvent.
answer
How does chromatography work?
question
water.
answer
Many photosynthetic pigments are "lipid soluble", therefore _____ would not be an appropriate solvent.
question
petroleum ether
answer
We will use _____ as our solvent.
question
(1) their solubility in the solvent (2) how much a particular pigment tends to adsorb to the paper. Molecules that are very soluble will migrate farther because they spend more time moving with the solvent instead of adsorbed to the paper.
answer
Each pigment has a certain solubility in pet ether, and pigments will migrate at different distances up the chromatography paper based on:
question
You will analyze O2 production by (1) leaves in darkness and (2) leaves exposed to two different intensities of light.
answer
Procedure B: O2 Production During Photosynthesis What are we analyzing?
question
plants can split water and produce O2 (=photolysis)
answer
By now you know that photosynthetic organisms perform a reaction that no other organism can perform:
question
H20 ----> 1/2O2 + 2H +2e
answer
Photolysis equation
question
1. O2 is produced from water 2. The hydrogen atoms from water donate electrons to cholorphyll a to replace the electrons that were lost when light excited them.
answer
Photolysis is important in two ways:
