APA Flashcards
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title of report
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main idea
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title format
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centered, 12pt Times New Roman, no bold etc
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author's name and instuition
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DS and centered
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running head
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short version of the paper's full title
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running head format
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cant have over 50 char. title should be in all caps. on title page it should have Running Head on it
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author's note
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appears on printed articles.
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author's note format
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1st full department, 2nd any changes in affiliation, 3rd special circumstances, 4th contact info.
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abstract
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brief summary of the paper
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abstract format
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between 150-250 words. define abbreviations
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where to put abstact
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centered type in 12pt times
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Running Head-APA
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is a shortened versian of the papers full title
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Title-APA
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shoud summarize the paper's main idea and identify the variables under discussion and the relationship between them; center no bold
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Authors Name-APA
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should be double-spaced and centered
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Abstract-APA
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should be sentered and typed in 12 point Times New Romans
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Introduction-APA
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presents the problem that the paper adresses
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Artical-APA
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if it has 5 authors write out all of the authors' names the first time they appear. THen use the first author's last name followed by \"et al\"
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Level 1 Heading-APA
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should be centered and boulded.
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Conclution-APA
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restates the problem the paper adresses and can offer areas for further research
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APA Bibliographic list
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References
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APA Order of entries in bibliographic list:
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Alphabetical by author, then chronological by work
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APA Names:
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Last, First Initial, Middle Initial
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APA Dates:
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Prominent in-text
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APA Article Titles:
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Not in quotation marks
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APA Capitalization:
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First words only capitalized
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APA In-text parenthesis:
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(Name comma year comma p.#)Example: (Levin, 1982, p. 13)
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APA Et al
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: Six or more authors
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APA Tense of reporting:
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Past Smith claimed
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Abstract
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A brief summary (approximately 120 words or 960 characters )
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Discussion
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Concluding section of the research report, used to integrate the experimental findings into the existing body of knowledge, showing how the current research advances knowledge increases generalizability of known effects, or contradicts past findings.
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Introduction
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Beginning section of a research report that guides the reader toward your research hypothesis; includes a selective review of relevant, recent research.
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Method
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The section of a research report in which the subjects and experiment are described in enough detail that the experiment may be replicated by others; it is typically divided into subsections, such as Participants, Apparatus or Materials, and Procedures.
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References
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A list of books and articles cited in the research report; placed at the end of a report.
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Research report
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Written report of psychological research, which contains four major sections: Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion.
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Results
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The section of a research report in which the findings are described and the results of statistical tests and summary data are presented.
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Running head
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A short version of the title, which will appear at the top of pages of the published report.
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Scientific writing style
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A concise, impersonal, and unbiased form of writing used in research reports.
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Title
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The name of the report, which describes what the report is about; typically includes the variables tested and the relationship between them.
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Margins
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1 inch around entire page
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Line Spacing
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Double-spaced, including title & reference pages
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Font & Font Size
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Times New Roman - 12 pt, Arial or Calibri - 11 pt
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Emphasizing words option...
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Italics only (no bold or underline)
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Title Page info & order
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Full title of paper, Student's name, College, Course number
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Position of info on Title Page
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Centered
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Header includes...
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Short (3-word) title, all caps, flush left Page number, flush right
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Citations include...
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Author's last name & date of publication For direct quotations use page number
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Trailing Space settings
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0 (Word inserts 10 pts of trailing space after each paragraph, including 1 line paragraphs such as titles. This needs to be changed to 0)
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Paragraph Margins
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1/2 inch (tab may also be used)
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Title
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must appear centered at the top of the first page of text (second page of the paper)
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Headings
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most papers will not need headings may be bolded
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Citations lacking author's name
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use name of article
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Citing multiple references
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several studies (name1, date1; name2, date2) past research (name, date1, date2, date3)
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Accepted American Psychological Association (APA) form for
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preparing reports of psychological research.
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The particular form for preparing APA format papers is found in the
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fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (
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APA format was adopted to help make the publication of
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journal articles more uniform.
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In addition to being computer friendly
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the general layout and design of the APA-format paper are reader friendly.
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Headings are titles for various sections of a psychology paper designed to
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help the reader understand the outline and importance of parts of the paper.
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Authors use headings to divide the
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APA-format paper into sections and to help the reader understand the paper's organization.
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The major components of an APA-format paper are, in order
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1. Title Page 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 4. Method Section 5. Results Section 6.Discussion Section 7.References 8.Appendixes (if any) 9. Author note 10. Tables (if any) 11. Figures (if any)
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Title Page
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The first page of an APA-format paper.
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What does the title page include?
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It includes the manuscript page header, the running head, the manuscript's title, and the name(s) of the author(s) and their affiliation(s).
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Manuscript page header
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The first two or three words of the report's title. Appears with the page number on each page of the research report.
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Running head
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A condensed title that is printed at the top of alternate pages of a published article.
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The running head should
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be a maximum of 50 characters, including letters, punctuation, and spaces between words.
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When you type the running head on the title page, it is in
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all capital letters.
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Also, note that the
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h in running head is not capitalized.
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Abstract
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The word \"Abstract\" is centered and appears two lines below the page number. ; A centered section title in which the first letters of major words are capitalized is designated as a level 1 heading.
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Level 1 heading
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A centered section title in which the first letters of major words are capitalized; Occupies a line by itself.
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The abstract of an experimental report consists of
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a brief (up to 120 words) one paragraph description of the research presented in your paper.
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The paragraph that comprises the abstract should include
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a description of the intent and conduct (including participants and method) of your project, the results you obtained, and the project's implications or applications.
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It is important to note that the abstract is typed in
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block form; there is not indentation on the first line.
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Introduction
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The first major section of the APA-format paper. Contains the thesis statement, review of relevant literature, and experimental hypothesis.
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Your introduction section begins on
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page 3 of your report.
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The level 1 heading from this section is
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the title from page 1. Be sure that it is exactly the same in both places.
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The introduction starts off
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broad, then narrows to a specific focus leading to a logical experimental question
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Introduction should include a thesis statement which indicates
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general topic in which you are interested and your general view of the relation of the relevant variables in that area.
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Note that every fact based statement is supported by
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a citation to a reference.
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If you wish to locate one of the references cited,
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you can find the necessary information in the reference section.
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Citation
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A notation in text that a particular reference was used.
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The citation provides the
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name(s) of the author(s) and date of the work's publication.
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Reference
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A full bibliographic record of any work cited in the text of a psychological paper.
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Reference section
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A complete listing of all the references cited in a psychological paper.
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A second point on writing in APA style is that
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the use of unbiased language is imperative.
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Unbiased language is language that does not
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state or imply a prejudice toward any individual or group.
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Method
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The objective of the method section is to provide sufficient detail about your experiment to enable readers to evaluate its appropriateness or replicate your study should they desire.
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The method section is typically made up of
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three subsections: participants, apparatus (also designated materials or testing instruments), and procedure.
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Method is a
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level 1 section heading.
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The participants subsection
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enumerates and describes the experimental participants.
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Participants is a
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level 3 heading.
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Level 3 heading
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A section title that is left-margin-justified, underlined, and has the first letter of each major word capitalized. Occupies a line by itself.
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The subsection on participants answers three questions
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1. Who participated in the study? 2. How many participants were there? 3.How were the participants selected?
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Materials subsection
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The second subsection of the method section.
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When appropriate the materials subsection contains information about
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materials other than equipment used in the experiment.
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If you use equipment in the experiment, you should label this subsection
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Apparatus.
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If your \"equipment\" consists of standardized psychological testing materials, then the label
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Testing Instruments (or Measures) would be appropriate.
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Procedure
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The third subsection of the method section.
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The procedure provides a step by step account of
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what the participants and experimenter did during the experiment.
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Your primary goal in the procedure subsection is to
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describe how you conducted your experiment.
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You should give enough information to allow a
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replication of your method, but do not include unnecessary details.
