Ramayana – Flashcards
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Rama
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Hero and warrior, avatar (vessel) of the Superior God Vishnu
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Sita
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Rama's wife
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Sita
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A woman of saintly devotion
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Lakshmana
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Rama's loyal brother
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Lakshmana
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Considered the embodiment of loyality
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Hanuman
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Monkey hero and king who faithfully serves Rama
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Ravana
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King of the demons
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Ramayana
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200 B.C - A.D 200
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Ramayana
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25,000 (Primary Epic)
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Ramayana
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Written in Sanskrit
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Ramayana
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Believed to be written by Poet Valmiki who first took oral stories and wrote into Sanskrit
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Ramayana
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One of India's great Hindu epics (Another Mahabharata)
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What happens when Rama tries to cut off Ravana's heads or arms?
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It continues to grow back
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After being pierced by many arrows, Ravana faints. What does Rama do? What does it tell us about him?
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- He suspends the fighting - He has honor
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What asthra does Rama use to finish off Ravana? Where does it hit? What other epic characters are vulnerable in only one spot?
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- Brahmasthra - It hits his heart - Tripua
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What does Rama's arrow cause to happen to Ravana's real self?
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Allows his personality to come through in its pristine form
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What is Rama's worry when he sees a scar on Ravana's back? Who/how is he reassured?
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- Old wound from elephant attack. He is scared he might have killed somebody Reassured by accepting it.
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What role do the gods play in the excerpt from the Ramayana?
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The weapons and chariote
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What values does Rama embody? How does Rama's treatment of the defeated Ravana emphasize these values?
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he has honor and respect Go to heaven and attend funeral
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Dandra (asthra)
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Special gift from Shiva, capable of pursuing and pulverizing its target. Nuetrlized by arrows
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Trident (asthra)
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Extra distructed power
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Maya (asthra)
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Illusion and confusion of your enemy
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Garuda (asthra)
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Sends out eagle to attack you
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Ghana (asthra)
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Wisdom, Perception -Illusion evaporates
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Thama (asthra)
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- Causes darkness in all worlds - Rains a hail storm and tornado
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Scholars called the advanced civilization that flourished in India between 2500 and 1500 B.C the __
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Indus Valley Civilization
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Indus Valley Civilization came to an end when an aggressive group of newcomers called ___ arrived
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Aryans
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The first literary period in India is Known as the __ period after the Vedas, a collection of ___ which the Hindus believed to be scared to the gods.
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- Vedic - Hymns and other texts (Vedas)
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The main language of nothern India during 1000 A.D was ___
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Sanskrit
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This language became a "__" language
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Frozen
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Frozen language means "__" and it is considered a sacred language spoken by the gods.
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Perfect speech
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The Indians produced two great epics
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Mahabharata and Ramayana
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The religion followed by the majority of India's large population is __ which has a variety of beliefs, ritual and gods.
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Hinduism
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The three deities of Hinduism are __
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Brahma - The Creator Vishnu- The Protector Shiva- The Destroyer
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Hindus believe that all the gods are ___
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aspects of a single essence, or immortal spirit
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Following one's __ is a lesson in Hindu literature
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Dharma
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Dharma means __ and encompasses concepts such as __ , __, __, and __
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To hold Duty, Righteousness, Ethics (law) and Morality
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A persons dharma unfolds throughout his or her life according to __ made
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Choices
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Most of the lessons of dharma are determined by the individual on a __ basis
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Movement by movement
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India's __ system catgorizes people at birth into one of four ranks in society
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Caste
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__ are scholars, priests, and teachers
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Brahman's
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__ are rulers and warroirs
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Kshtriayas
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__ are merchants, farmers and artisans
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Vaisyas
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__ are menial workers
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Sudras
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The __ whose task include disposing of dead animals and cleaning up human wastes, are believed to pollute others by touch or sight
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Untouchables
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__ one's actions in life, influences ones rebirth and future life
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Karma
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__ is the rebirth of deceased persons soul into another body
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Reincarnation
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A soul with good karma will be reborn into a higher caste, and eventually may be united with __ , the ultimate spiritual reality
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Brahman
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Another major religion __ came at the close of the Vedic period
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Buddhism
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Buddhism was founded by a young prince named __ who was later called __ which means __
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Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Enlightened one
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To overcome this desire he practiced __
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Yoga
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Buddhism rejects the Hindu __ and had a lasting influence on __
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Caste System Hinduism
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__ was brough by Arab traders in the eight century AD and Muslim expansion continued in India for centuries
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Islam
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In 1947, India was partitioned into two states
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Pakistan for Muslims India for Hindus
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Who built Taj Mahal and why
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Shah Jahan in memory of his wife who died in Child birth - Built in the city of Agra
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What is the ideal protrait of classical Indian heronies derived from Sita?
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The image of Sita as a flesh and blood women of saintly devotion and great physical endurance
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What type of geography is referenced in this epic?
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Lush forests, cool hermitages and holy places
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Rama and his wife -- are semi divine yet their tail is a human one of -- and --, --, and --, and -- and --
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Sita Love Jealousy Loss Recovery Seperation Return
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The tale of Rama is a long poem of --
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25,000 couplets
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It is written in -- and is attributed to the poet and sage __
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Sanskrit Valmiki
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The main plot begins with __- who wins Sita through --
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Prince Rama Miraculous trait of strength
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Rama is ready to inherit the --
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Thrown
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Rama is -- from his fathers kingdom because of -- and wanders in exile with -- and --
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Banished Evil Court Intrigue Sita His loyal brother Lakshmana
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Sita is abducted by --, the many headed king of the --
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Ravana Demons
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Sita is brought to --
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Lanka's Island Fortress
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Rama and Lakshmana ally themselves with --
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The monkey king Hanuman
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In the end, Rama defeats Ravana, wins back his bride, and --
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Returns in triumph
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Rama has lingering doubts about her --
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Fidelity
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In despair, Sita departs the earth and assumes her place as a --
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Goddess
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Leader of his people
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Leader- Prince- than King
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Deeds reflects values admired by the society
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Good soldiers, honorable, fairness and respectful
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Endowed with superior strength, knowledge, cunning and courage.
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Wins battle - Kills whole army
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Undertakes a long journey to achieve a particular goal/or make journey into supernatural realm
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14 years of exile - Journey's from own country- Ravana's Kingdom
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Possesses human weakness
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Doubts wife fidelity- Distrust - Commits suicide (wife)
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Mortal (can die)
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-Part divine and Part human - Joins Sita in heaven
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Invocation
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No
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Epic Question/ Purpose
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Regaining his wife Fulfill his Dharma
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In Medias Res
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Does for our section
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Superhuman Hero
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Super- Incarnation of Vishnu
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Superhuman Foe
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Ravana - Demon King
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Actions affect nation on a grand scale
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He defeats army and takes the thrown
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Descriptions of battles, armor or weapons
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All athrras etc.
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High formal/ poetic language: epic similies, epithets
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25,000 couplets
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Universal themes
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Honor, destiny, courage, death- wife dies and he follows dharma