CO 545 Mid-Term Chapter 1 – Flashcards

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According to a study (Espenshade & Chung, 2010; Jaschik, 2006), growing numbers of four-year colleges are not relying on the SAT test partly because of
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diversity concerns.
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Psychological tests
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measure characteristics of human behavior.
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The specific stimulus on a test to which a person responds overtly is called a(n)
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item.
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An individual test
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can only be given to one person at a time.
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A group test
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can be given to multiple people by one examiner.
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Previous learning can best be described as
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achievement.
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The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as
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aptitude.
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One's general potential, independent of prior learning, can best be described as
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intelligence.
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Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence can be encompassed by the term
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human ability.
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Structured personality tests
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require you to choose between two or more alternative responses.
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The main purpose of psychological testing is to evaluate
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individual differences.
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Projective personality tests
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are unstructured.
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Tests that measure an individual's typical behavior are called
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personality tests.
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A test that is accurate, dependable, and consistent is ________.
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reliable.
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The validity of a psychological test refers to its:
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meaning.
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Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?
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Wundt.
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In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will actually be used. This group is called a (an) ________ group.
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standardization.
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The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of
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identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.
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Tests that provide a statement and require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses, are called
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structured personality tests.
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Personality tests in which the test stimulus and/or required response are ambiguous are called
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projective personality tests.
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Which of the following is true of tests?
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Very few tests can actually predict behavior.
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Which of the following relates raw test scores to theoretical or empirical distributions?
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scales
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The general potential to solve problems, adapt, and profit from experience is called
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intelligence
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Which of the following is the most important function of testing?
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To differentiate among individuals taking the test
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When you gather information through verbal interaction, you are using a(n)
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interview.
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If one can depend upon the results of a particular test to be consistently accurate, the test can be said to be
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reliable.
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A test that yields dependable and consistent results is ____.
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reliable
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The validity of a psychological test refers to its
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meaning.
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If a particular test "X" has been shown to accurately predict success in a particular job, then the test is said to be
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valid.
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Test administration refers to the
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act of giving a test
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What evolutionary constructs did Galton apply in his book Hereditary Genius?
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Survival of the fittest and individual differences
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The origins of testing can be traced to
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China.
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Two or more tests that are given together and relate seemingly diverse topics are called
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batteries.
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. Sir Francis Galton set out to show
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that some humans possessed characteristics that made them more fit than other humans
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The term "mental test" was coined by
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James M. Cattell.
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The work of Weber and Fechner represent which foundation of psychological testing?
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Psychophysical measurement
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. Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?
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Wundt
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The first version of the Binet-Simon scale was published in
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1905.
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Which test represented a major breakthrough in the measurement of cognitive ability?
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Binet-Simon Scale
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It is important to obtain a standardization sample
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to provide a reference sample to which the results of a new subject can be compared.
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The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of
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identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.
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In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will actually be used. This group is called a(n) ____ group.
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standardization
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A standardization sample is representative if the sample
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consists of individuals who are similar to the group to be tested.
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When a test is administered to the general population, norms should be established using a representative sample that
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represents all segments of the population in proportion to their numbers.
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Administering a test with precisely the same instructions and format is giving it under
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standard conditions
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Dr. Johnson is trying to establish norms for his new test. He determined that 50% of the people in the standardization sample should be Hispanic, 20% Caucasian, 15% Asian, and 15% African American. He is creating (a)
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representative sample.
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The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale was developed by
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L.M. Terman.
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The concept of mental age was introduced in
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1908.
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Eight-year-old Daniel was administered the Binet-Simon Scale that suggested he was functioning at the same level as a senior in high school. This is an example of a(n)
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mental age scale.
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A child's mental age
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provides a measurement of a child's performance relative to other children of a particular age group
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The use of standardized tests after WWI culminated with the publication of the
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Stanford Achievement Test.
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The first group tests of human abilities were developed for
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selecting soldiers to fight for the U.S. in World War I.
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Which of the following is a group test of human ability for an adult that does NOT require the subject to be literate?
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Army Beta
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. Robert Yerkes led the team of psychologists that developed the
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Army Alpha and Army Beta.
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Which of the following tests produced both a verbal and a performance IQ?
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The Wechsler-Bellevue scale
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A trait is ____.
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an enduring disposition that distinguishes one individual from another
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. The first structured personality test was the
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Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
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A major problem with the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet was that
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it assumed the answers were acceptable at face value.
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Structured personality tests became unpopular in the 1930s and 1940s because they
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relied on the face value of responses.
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Which of the following is an example of a trait?
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Pessimism
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The Rorschach was introduced into the United States by
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David Levy.
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The Rorschach presents ambiguous stimuli to an individual who then provides his or her own personal interpretation. This is an example of what kind of test?
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Projective
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Who is associated with the development of the TAT?
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Murray & Morgan
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Which of the following are both projective tests?
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The Rorschach and the TAT
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Which of the following tests is purported to measure human needs?
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TAT
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Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire?
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R.B. Cattell
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The first attempt to apply factor analytic techniques to test construction were made by
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J.R. Guilford.
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A method for finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables is called
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factor analysis.
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Factor analytic techniques were employed in the development of the
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16PF.
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The Shakow report emphasized that
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testing is a unique function of doctoral-level clinical psychologists.
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Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, and for a short while he was not as confident as usual. This change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n)
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state.
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Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, but he was as confident as usual. This lack of change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n)
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trait.
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Today, psychological testing
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remains one of the most important yet controversial issues.
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Which individual developed tests to evaluate persons with emotional impairments?
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Kraepelin
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. Which of the following contributed to the popularity of standardized achievement tests?
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Their objectivity and ease of administration and scoring
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Which of the following is one criticism of early personality tests?
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The responses may not be interpreted in the same way by the test administrator
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Which of the following tests makes no assumption about the meaning of test responses, but instead, relies on empirical research?
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MMPI
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Which of the following is NOT a group that standardized tests tend to disadvantage?
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Younger students
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Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and basic knowledge of
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statistics
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Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and basic knowledge of
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statistics
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. _______ is always associated with a sampling process.
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Error
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These types of tests contain items that can be scored in terms of speed, accuracy, or both.
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Ability tests
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All of the following are types of ability tests EXCEPT for
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personality tests.
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Which of the following has served as a major technique of gathering psychological information and provide(s) data that complements test results?
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The interview
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In 1883, the U.S. government established this commission to develop and administer competitive examinations for certain government jobs.
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American Civil Service Commission
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. Whose mathematical models of the mind strongly influenced 19th century educational practices?
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J.E. Herbart
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