Child development 8,9,12 – Flashcards
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Failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of:
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Child Neglect
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Tertiary prevention begins ____ an injury.
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after
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Which area is said to be the "executive" of the brain?
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Prefrontal cortex
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One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefronal cortex that occurs from the ages of 2 to 6 is:
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more regular sleep
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The ____ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.
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corpus callosum
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An example of a gross motor skill is
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pumping a swing
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Most people:
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Use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions
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The ___ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.
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hypothalamus
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Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood?
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myelination of the corpus callosum
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By age 6 the brain weighs ____ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.
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90
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another term for lateralization is
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sideness
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which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?
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logical reasoning
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Perseveration is the opposite of
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impulsiveness
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Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the developmental of_____
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motor skills
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The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is:
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lateralization
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A 3-year old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating:
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egocentrism
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According to your text, it is best that children:
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become equally fluent in two languages
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After noticing that her 4 year hold brother is having difficulty putting a jigsaw puzzle together, Rose helped him with the task by parsing his successes and helping him to recognize progress. From Vygotsky's perspective, this is an example of:
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guided participation
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An experimenter who lines up seven pairs of checkers in two rows of equal length and asks a child if the rows have the same number of checkers is likely testing for conservation of:
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number
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Child-centered programs stress children's developmental and growth through:
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self discovery
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Child centered programs that recognize that children learn through play with other children are most consistent with the views of
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Vygotsky
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Instead of saying "feet" 4 year old Jasper says "foots". This error is best described as an example of
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overregulaization
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Piaget has been criticized for
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underestemating cognition during early childhood
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Piaget's second of four stages of cognition is
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preoperational intelligence
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The results of a 2006 study of 5 year olds in inner city Milwaukee revealed that, compared to other children, children exposed to Montessori program:
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were better at prereading and early math tasks
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The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar with he or she should not is:
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overregularization
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The understanding that other people can have thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:
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theory of mind
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Theory of mind
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typically appears rather slowly
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what did a study comparing preschool children from various countries find to be the primary factory in development of theory of mind?
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brain maturation
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What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?
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preoperational intelligence
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Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?
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egocentrism
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which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, always in the sate in which the child is currently encounters it?
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static reasoning
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which of the following has been shown to influence when a child exhibits a theory of mind?
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age and siblings
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which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development?
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scaffolding
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which of the following would best explain why a preoperational child would be able to understand that cats can both be pets and wild animals?
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centration
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Vygotskey's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children:
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has been supported by research conducted throughout the world
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According to research, the best way to teach reading is by using:
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ALL
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Marisol has learned to speak formally with adults and informally (using slang) with her friends. She has learned
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the pragmatics of language
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Historically, math instruction has ____, whereas today many educators would like math instruction to_____.
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involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging
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According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is
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concrete operational
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An obvious manifestation of the hidden curriculum is
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the school's physical condition
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what is the factor that affects adult linguistic input and later child output?
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socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group
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The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is
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classification
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By what age can most children classify objects they see
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7
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Children who learn to read when their brains are ready as a result of talking, listening, reading, and writing experiences are being taught to read using the ___ approach
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whole-language
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____ memory stores incoming stimulus information for split second to allow it to be processed
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Sensory
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Many children use codes in their text messages (lol :) 411) The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands:
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pragmatics
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Which age group would find this classic joke: "why did the chicken cross the road?" funny
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school-age children
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When Piaget referred to concrete operational thoughts, he meant logic applied in situations that
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deal with visible, tangible, real things
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Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the ___ approach
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phonics
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The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given and intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called
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English as a second language (ESL)
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Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of
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classification
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Internationally, girls are slightly ahead in___ skills and boys in___
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verbal, math
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The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the
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hidden curriculum
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Piaget stressed the ____, whereas Vygotsky stressed the ___
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Child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others
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What percentage of people have dyslexia?
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15%
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What is a superior ability in people with dyslexia?
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better peripheral vision
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How does peripheral vision lead to problems reading?
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This problem interferes with reading
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What percentage of people are left-handed?
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10%
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In left handed people, which side is dominant for language?
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left
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What causes left-handedness?
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Rather you are right or left handed it depends on your brain asymmetry
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From 1997 to 2003, children's time spent outdoors fell
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50%
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The number of minutes children devote each week to passive leisure, not including watching TV has increased from
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30 minutes to more than 3 hours
