PSY 241 Ch 10 – Flashcards
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_____ are the basic units of meaning in a language
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Morphemes
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Which word consists of three morphemes?
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Previewing
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The sentence, "I the text read Chapter 10 in" violates the English rules of
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syntax
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When someone says, "It's a matter of semantics," they are referring to the _____ of a sentence.
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meaning
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Which linguistic concept is best defined as an understanding of the rules concerning the appropriate use of language in different social context?
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Pragmatics
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Most infants begin cooing about 6-8 _____ after birth.
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weeks
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Six-month-old Emir is sitting in his car seat and repeatedly saying "naanaa." Emir is best described as
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babbling
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In most one-year-olds,
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language comprehension typically precedes language production.
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Which is the typical order of linguistic attainment (from earliest to latest)?
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Coo, then babble, then word, then holophrase
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Two-year-old Tonka calls every four-wheeled vehicle he sees "truck." This is an example of
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overextension
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Joel reaches up to Daddy with waving outstretched arms and says "Up!" meaning "Daddy, pick me up!" This is an example of
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a holophrase.
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Though 18-month-old Saturn knows the word "car," she only uses it when referring to her mother's sedan (i.e., she does not use it to describe any other vehicle). Saturn's linguistic limitation is best described as involving
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underextension
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Which is the best example of telegraphic speech?
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"Want bottle"
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Tyler argues that language is best explained in terms of a baby imitating the speech of her parents and being reinforced by parents for speaking words properly. These arguments best fit with the _____ perspective on language acquisition.
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learning
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Concerning language, Broca's area is to Wenicke's area as
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production is to comprehension.
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Carter has been diagnosed with aphasia. What symptom is he most likely exhibiting?
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Difficulty in repeating a sentence he just heard
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Chomsky asserts that humans have an inborn mechanism for mastering language. He calls this the
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language acquisition device.
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The fact that humans have a unique genetic capacity to learn language is best associated with the concept of
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universal grammar.
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With regard to language learning, nativists believe that
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children are biologically programmed for language acquisition.
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Which type of theorist would be most likely to view language development as a combination of nature and nurture factors?
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Interactionist
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Child-directed speech is best defined as
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a type of speech adults use with small children.
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Preschool programs that emphasize _____ appear to be of the most benefit to children, especially those from disadvantaged families.
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academic skill-building and play
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The intrinsic drive to be successful in one's environment defines
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mastery Moderate.
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Which best summarizes Elkind's opinion on products like the "Baby Einstein" DVD and the "Baby Mozart" CD?
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Be careful as it may result in children with less self-initiation and intrinsic Moderate.
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When a student values a subject,
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both Moderate and achievement levels tend to be higher
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If you believe in mastery goals, then you believe that
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you can learn to get better at a task.
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Individuals with high levels of achievement tend to attribute their success to _____ causes.
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internal and stable
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An effective method for a school to positively influence Moderate is to
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emphasize intrinsic Moderate techniques.
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Which appears to have the LEAST impact on a school's effectiveness?
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Reduced class size from 35 to 25
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The concept of appropriately matching an environment with a person's characteristics is called
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goodness-of-fit.
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Cross-cultural research results suggest that if you want to improve academic performance, teachers need to
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engage in more discourse (conversation) with students about their answers.
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Ronald is a typical teenager attempting to balance high school and a 20-hour-a-week job at a fast-food restaurant. Research has shown that Ronald is most likely to _____ than his non-working classmates.
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have a lower average GPA
