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goal

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Refers to a desired future state that an organization attempts to realize

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Plan

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A blueprint specifying the resource allocations schedules, and other actions necessary for attaining goals

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Mission statement

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A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an organization

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First step in the planning process

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Mission statement

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Strategic goals

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Official goals, broad statements describing the organizations future

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Tactical goals

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Broad statements of where the organization wants to be in the future and pertain to the organization as a whole rather than specific divisions.

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Operational goals

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Specific measurable results that are expected from departments, work groups and individuals

question

Characteristics of effective goal setting

answer

Specific and measurable Defined time period Cover key result areas Challenging but realistic Linked to rewards

question

First step in the MBO (Management by objective) Process

answer

set goals

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Who sets the objectives in MBO

answer

managers and employees

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Standing plans

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Are ongoing plans that provide guidance for tasks or situations that occur repeatedly within the organizations

question

When we use standing plans

answer

generally pertain to matters such as employee illness, absences, smoking, discipline, hiring, and dismissal

question

Stretch goals are

answer

responsible yet highly ambitious and compelling goals that energize people and inspire excellence

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What is synergy

answer

Exists when the organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone

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Value

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Value can be defined as the combination of benefits received and cost paid by a customer

question

A corporate level strategy is concerned with what question?

answer

What business are we in

question

Where does the information on opportunities and threats come from

answer

SWOT analysis

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The BCG matrix organizes businesses along what two dimensions

answer

Business growth and market share

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Differentiation strategy

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is a strategy with which managers seek to distinguish the organization's products and services from those of other s in the industry

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Cost leadership strategy

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is a strategy with which managers aggressively seek efficient facilities, cut costs, and use tight cost controls to be more efficient than others in the industry

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Focus strategy

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managers use either a differentiation or a cost leadership approach, but they concentrate on specific regional market or buyer group.

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Decision

answer

a choice made from available alternatives

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Programmed

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is one made in response to a situation that has occurred often enough to enable managers to develop decision rules that can be applied in the future

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Non-Program

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is one made in response to a situation that is unique, is poorly defined and largely unstructured, and has important consequences for the organization

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Ambiguity

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is a condition in which the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes in unavailable

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Certainty

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is a situation in which all the information the decision maker needs is fully available

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Risk

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means that a decision has clear- cut goals and good information is available, but the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance.

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Uncertainty

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occurs when managers know which goals they want to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete

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Wicked decisions

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are associated with conflicts over goals and decision alternatives, rapidly changing circumstances, fuzzy information, unclear links among decision elements and the inability to evaluate whether a proposed solution will work

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Risk propensity

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Which of the following refers to the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity to increase ones return

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Devils advocate

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The ____ is the individual who is assigned the role of challenging assumption made by the group

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Strategy defines

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what to do

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organizing defines

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how to do it

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Work Specialization

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The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs. Sometimes called division of labor

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Scalar principle

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refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees

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Unity of command

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means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor

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Division of labor-

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The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs. Sometimes called division of labor

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Authority

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is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organizationally desired outcomes.

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Responsibility

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is the duty to perform the task or activity as assigned. Delegation- is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy.

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Line authority-

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means that people in management positions have formal authority to direct and control immediate subordinates

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Staff Authority

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is narrower and includes the right to advise, recommend, and counsel in the staff specialists' area of expertise

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Line department

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performs tasks that reflect the organization's primary goal and mission.

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staff department

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include all those that provide specialized skills in support of line departments

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How many people should be in your span of management?

answer

7 to 10 subordinates per manager

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decentralization

answer

Change and uncertainty in the environment are usually associated with what kind of organization?

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What happens when you have 2 bosses? What type of organization is that?

answer

Matrix structure

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What are the advantages of divisional structure

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separate divisions can be organized with responsibility for individual products, services, product groups, major products or programs, divisions, businesses, or profit centers

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Task Force

answer

is a temporary team or committee formed to solve a specific short- term problem involving several departments

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Project managers have

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authority over the project but not people assigned to it

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What structure works best in an uncertain organizational environments?

answer

Horizontal structure

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Organizational change

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is defined as the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization

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Organizational development

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enhance organizational performance

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Technology change-

answer

is a change in the organization's production process- how the organization does its work

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Product change

answer

is a change in the organization's product or service output

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All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations except

answer

centralization

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Idea Champion-

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A person who sees the need for change and is passionately committed to making it happen

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New venture teams

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- A team separate from the mainstream organization that is responsible for initiating and developing innovations

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Skunk works-

answer

A separate informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focus on breakthrough ideas.

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What are important roles in the process of organizational change?

answer

Answer will be all of the above

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The role of who is to prevent people from adopting bad ideas

answer

critic not devils advocate

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refreezing

answer

Which is the reinforcement stage of organizational development in which individual's acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization?

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Changing

answer

Which of the following is the intervention stage

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unfreezing

answer

A step in the diagnosis stage

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Force field analysis

answer

A technique for determining which forces drive a proposed change and which forces retrain it

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What approach to use when you are trying to make changes

answer

communication and education

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What approach to use when the users have the powers to resist

answer

participation

question

coercion

answer

What approach to use when a crisis exist

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Human resource management-

answer

refers to the design and application of formal system to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals

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Human capital

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refers to the economic value of the combined knowledge, experience skills, and capabilities of employees

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Discrimination

answer

means making hiring and promotion decisions based on criteria that are not job relevant

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Definition of equal employment opportunity

answer

affirmative action

question

Family and medical leave act require employers to provide up to how many weeks for childbirth and family emergencies?

answer

12 weeks

question

Which health and safety law require insurance coverage paid by the employee following termination?

answer

COBRA

question

New social contract

answer

What do the employees now know they must provide Employability; personal responsibility Partner in business improvement Learning, skill development

question

Telecommuting-

answer

means using computers and telecommunications equipment to perform work from home or another remote location

question

Matching model

answer

the organization and the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, and values that they offer each other

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Job analysis

answer

is the systematic process of gathering and interpreting information about the essential duties, tasks, and responsibilities of a job

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Managers prepare

answer

job description for each open position, which is a concise summary of the specific tasks and responsibilities of that job

question

A definition of a cafeteria plan package-

answer

Allow employees to select the benefits of greatest value to them

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Interview are widely used

answer

they are not predictors of job performance

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