Psych quiz 5 – Flashcards
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In defining learning, "_____" refers to the fact that when people learn anything, a part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned, and that change remains even if the behavior does not.
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relatively permanent
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______ is the classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.
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vicarious conditioning
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___________ occurs when an organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways.
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stimulus discrimination
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In classical conditioning, the actual response involved in a CR and a UCR are the same. (For example, it might be salivation in both cases.) However, what makes that response (salivation) considered conditioned or unconditioned depends on:
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whether the subject is responding to a UCS or a CS
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The repeated pairing of the NS and the UCS is called:
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acquisition
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When a previously neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, begins to cause the same kind of reflexive response, the neutral stimulus has become:
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conditioned stimulus
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In his later studies, Bandura added the condition of _____ into his studies of children and the Bobo doll.
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reward
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Bandura conducted some of his research to study:
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possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior toward others.
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Sammy and his friends are watching animated fight scenes on television. Based on Bandura's findings in the Bobo doll experiment, it seems likely that later, at play, Sammy and his friends will:
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imitate many of the violent actions they witnessed on TV
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According to Bandura, to learn anything through observation, the learner must first:
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pay attention
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Time-out is an example of ______.
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punishment by removal
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Doretha eats all of her dinner knowing that afterward she will get a bowl of ice cream. Doretha's behavior is best explained by what type of learning?
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operant conditioning
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For each day of the week that Tanya is good, she earns a fake dollar from her teacher. By the end of every week, Tanya has the option of using her dollars to buy something from the school store or saving them to buy something at a later time. The issue of fake dollars in response to good behavior is an example of _______.
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behavior modification
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A police car is a ___________ for slowing down.
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discriminative stimulus
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______ was one of the first researchers to look at the laws involved in learning voluntary responses.
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Edward Thorndike
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A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is:
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applied behavior analysis (ABA)
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A typical use of applied behavior analysis is:
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treating children with disorders such as autism
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The central idea of toilet training a cat is breaking down the process into a series of small stages. This is an example of:
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shaping
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Köhler determined that insight:
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cannot be gained thru trial and error learning alone
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The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment was not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats:
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learned to find the exit almost immediately
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In Tolman's study of latent learning, one group of rats was rewarded for getting out of the maze, a second was not rewarded during training trials but was rewarded eventually, and a third group of rats was:
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not rewarded
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Tolman and Köhler were:
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gestalt psychologists
