Management 3000 - Quiz Questions & Book Vocab - Flashcards

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Mintzberg proposed that managers utilize written communication more than verbal communication. T or F

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False

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Efficiency and effectiveness means to use resources—people, money, raw materials, and the like—wisely and cost effectively. T or F

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False

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Shoshanna, the regional manager of a global sales organization, gives freedom to the sales representatives on the amount spent on gifts for prospective Asian and European customers. Shoshanna is managing for ____.

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Ethical Standards

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When managing for competitive advantage, the first "law" of business is "take care of the employees."

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False

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Donna received a degree in management and has several years of strong management experience. As a result of her education and experience, researcher Robert Katz believed that Donna acquired which of the following principal skills?

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technical, conceptual, human

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Since verbal expressions and gestures don't have the same meaning to everyone throughout the world, not understanding such differences can affect how well organizations manage globally. T or F

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True

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Synergy computing involves using state-of-the-art computer software and hardware to help people work better together. T or F

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False

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The three interpersonal managerial roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison activities. T or F

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True

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Susan, a district manager for a large retail chain, is comparing the goals of her stores with recent sales. She knows that two stores are underperforming, so she plans on meeting with those managers to discuss corrective action; this process is the controlling managerial function. T or F

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True

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E-mail is the term for electronic-mail messages and documents transmitted over a computer network. T or F

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True

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The father of scientific management is _____.

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Frederick Taylor

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Max Weber felt that bureaucracy is irrational, inefficient, and not ideal for organizations.

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False

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Mateo, an IT manager, has been studying the work methods of each task to increase the productivity of the employees in his department. Mateo is utilizing ____.

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scientific management

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The historical perspective includes three viewpoints: _______.

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classical, behavioral, quantitative

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Peter Drucker, a famous 19th-century socialist, opposed capitalism and many current business theories. T or F

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False

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Quantitative management is the sales management theory related to determining if a prospective customer really qualifies for the company's product or service. T or F

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False

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The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and increasing diversity. T or F

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False

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The human relations movement proposed that better rules and procedures could increase worker productivity. T or F

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False

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When the Americans entered the war in 1941, they used the British model to form operations research teams to determine how to deploy troops, submarines, and equipment most effectively. These techniques have evolved into quantitative management. T or F

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True

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By identifying the "therbligs" in a job, such as the supplies of a bricklayer, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were able to eliminate costs while simultaneously reducing supplies wasted. T or F

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False

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To start work every day, David sits down and sets his goals for the day and then he decides how to achieve them, formulating future courses of action to achieve the specified results. This is the definition of planning. T or F

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True

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Prior to opening his business, Sal, the owner of The Italian Kitchen, is writing a document that explains the reason for his business. This statement would be a part of his mission statement. T or F

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True

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Says one authority, strategic planning should communicate not only general goals about growth and profits but also _____.

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ways to achieve them

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The top management of Tasty Foods, a food distribution company, has set strategic goals of increasing organizational market share and also decreasing corporate costs over the next three years. Greg, a division manager for Tasty Foods, has looked at his resources, and decided how his division can contribute to the two strategic goals set by upper management. These types of objectives set by Greg are _____.

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tactical goals

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Susan is a front-line supervisor in a grocery retailer. She desires to decrease the time she spends working on doing her daily closing work. This objective set by Susan and for her is an example of a(n) ____.

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operational goal

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Alicia, a district manager for a global retailer, is traveling to different stores in her district to discuss with store managers how to increase profitability for the rest of the fiscal year. What is Alicia doing?

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controlling the direction of the planning/control cycle

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In a late October marketing meeting, Theresa, the branch manager, told her marketing manager, Sal, that she needed two things by the end of the year from him: "First I want your goals for next year, and then I need your action plan to reach your goals, your ____."

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marketing plan

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A company's mission and vision is the foundation of an organization's planning and strategic management. T or F

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true

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Strategic planning determines goals for an organization for a period of 5 to 10 years. T or F

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false

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A company's strategic planning may have to be done closer to every 1 or 2 years than every 5. T or F

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True

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Research has proven that writing out goals does not necessarily help a person feel more confident when entering a new group. T or F

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False

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Research suggests that writing about two paragraphs outlining your goals will help you feel more confident and energetic when entering a new group. T or F

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True

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Central American farmers sell their produce to American customers at a price that is above the price charged by American companies to increase the price of the American products, this is an example of dumping. T or F

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False

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Dumping is the practice of a foreign company exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market, or even below the costs of production, to drive down the price of the domestic product. T or F

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true

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Luis, the owner of a shoe factory in Panama, is unhappy due to a tax that the U.S. government has implemented on shoes exported there to protect U.S. shoe companies. This is an example of a tariff. T or F

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true

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The trading bloc consisting of 28 trading partners in Europe is the ____.

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European Union

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Peter Agnefjäll, president and CEO of the IKEA Group, spends plenty of time with IKEA employees at all levels. This is an example of individualism/collectivism, which refers to the amount of time the managers, especially upper and middle management, spend with their employees. T or F.

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False

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Individualism/collectivism refers to how loosely or tightly people are socially bonded. T or F

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true

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To help American companies, the U.S. government utilizes import quotas, which encourage foreign countries to increase the number of goods exported to the United States. T or F

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false

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Countries impose import quotas, which are limitations on the numbers of products allowed in, to protect their own domestic industries. T or F

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true

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ABC Investments has been advising customers financially since 1902. In 1989, ABC was able to open an office in Berlin, after the Berlin Wall came down. Later, ABC opened several offices in Asia when several Asian countries opened their economies to foreign investors, then as governments began to deregulate their economies, ABC was able to allow their global customers to move their money freely around the world. ABC Investments' experience is evidence of the three historic global changes which Rosabeth Moss Kantor of the Harvard Business School spoke of. T or F

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true

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Ethnocentric managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior _____.

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are superior to all others

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Becoming a world citizen includes being global in focus, but thinking local, learning what's appropriate behavior, knowing your field, and becoming at least minimally skilled in the language of the local country. T or F

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true

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Learning how to enhance the American global image of being a "caring, wonderful person" is part of becoming a world citizen. T or F

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false

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Becoming a world citizen includes learning how not to be an "ugly American." Americans "are seen throughout the world as an arrogant people, totally self-absorbed and loud," says Keith Reinhard, former head of advertising conglomerate DDB Worldwide. T or F

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True

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A condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment, such as the reduction of import duties, is known as a "most favored nation" trading status. T or F.

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True

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To German sociologist Max Weber, a bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic. T or F

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true

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Peter Drucker "was the creator and inventor of modern management," says management guru Tom Peters. In 1954, Drucker published his famous text, The Practice of Management. T or F

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true

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Quantitative management emphasizes the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations. T or F

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true

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The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement. T or F.

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true

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The human relations movement proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity. T or F

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true

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A made-up word you won't find in most dictionaries, 'therblig' was coined by Frank Gilbreth and refers to 1 of 17 basic motions. By identifying the 'therbligs' in a job, Frank and his wife, Lillian, were able to eliminate motions while simultaneously reducing fatigue. T or F.

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true

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A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose.

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organization

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(1) the pursuit if organizational goals efficiently and effectively and (2) integrating the work of people through (3) planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organization's resources.

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management

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To use resources - people, money, raw materials, and the like - wisely and cost-effectively.

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Efficency

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To achieve results, to make the right decisions and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals.

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Effectiveness

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An experienced person who provided guidance to someone new to the work world.

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mentor

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Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling

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Management Process (Four management functions)

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Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them.

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Planning

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You arrange tasks, people, and their resources to accomplish the work.

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Organizing

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You motivate, direct and otherwise influence people to work hard to achieve the organization's goals.

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Leading

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You monitor performance, compare it with goals, and take corrective action as needed.

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Controlling

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The ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them.

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competitive advantage

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Finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services.

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innovation

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The global network of independency operating but interconnected computers, linking hundreds of thousands of smaller networks around the world.

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internet

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The buying and selling of goods or services over computer networks.

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E-commerce

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Using the internet to facilitate every aspect of running a business.

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E-business

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The storing of software and data on gigantic collections of computers located away from the company's principal site

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cloud computing

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Computerized collections of interrelated files

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databases

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Stores of data so vast that conventional database management systems cannot handle them

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big data

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The discipline that is concerned with creating computer systems that simulate human reasoning and sensation.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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Work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technologies.

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telecommute

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Using video and audio links along with computers to let people in different locations see, hear and talk with one another.

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Videoconferencing

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Using state-of-the-art computer software and hardware that will help people work better together.

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Collaborative computing

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Programs for planning and scheduling the people, costs and resources needed to complete a project on time.

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Project management software

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The implementing of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization.

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knowledge management

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Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising availability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Sustainability

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They make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies and strategies for it.

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Top mangers

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They implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them.

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Middle managers

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Jobs dealing with people rather than computer screens or voice-response systems.

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'high-touch' jobs

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They make short-term operating decisions, directing daily tasks of non management personnel.

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First-line managers

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A manager who is responsible for facilitating team activities toward achieving key results.

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Team leader

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They are responsible for just one organizational activity instead of many.

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Functional manager

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They are responsible for several organizational activities instead of just one.

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General manager

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Skills that consist of job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field.

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Technical skils

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Skills that consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together.

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Conceptual skills

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Skills that consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done.

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Human Skills

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Skills that allow one to motivate, to inspire trust, to communicate with others.

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Soft skills

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Managers who interact with people inside and outside their work units

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Interpersonal role

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Managers monitor, disseminate and act as a spokesperson in order to receive and communicate information.

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Informational role

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Managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage or opportunities. The four decision-making roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator.

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Decisional Role

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Being defined as a newly created company designed to grow fast.

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Start-up

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The process of taking risks to try to create a new enterprise.

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Entrepreneurship

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Someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launches a business to try to realize it.

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Entrepreneur

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Someone who works inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organization's resources to try to realize it.

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Intrapreneur

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The belief that you control your own destiny.

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Internal locus of control

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(1911-1950s) Includes classical, behavioral and quantitative perspectives.

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Historical perspective

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(1960s-present) Includes systems, contingency and quality-management perspectives.

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Contemporary perspective

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(1911-1947) Emphasis on ways to manage more efficiently.

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Classical viewpoint

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(1913-1950s) Emphasis on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement.

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Behavioral viewpoint

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(1940s-1950s) Applies quantitative techniques to management.

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Quantitative viewpoint

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(1960-present) Regards the organization as systems or interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose and managers must make decisions based on the components of a given situation.

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Contingency viewpoint

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(1960-present) Utilizes three different approaches (quality control, quality assurance and total quality management) to assure absolute quality from employees.

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Quality-management viewpoint.

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Emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.

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Scientific management

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Concerned with managing the total organization instead of individual parts.

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Administrative management

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Proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity.

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Human relations movement

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Relied on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers.

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Behavioral science

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Focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.

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Management science

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Strategy for minimizing errors by managing each state of production (Walter Shewart)

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Quality control

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Focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for 'zero defects'.

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Quality assurance

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Comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training and customer satisfaction. (Deming & Juran)

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Total quality management (TQM)

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Set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

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System

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People, money, information, equipment and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services.

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inputs

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The organization's capabilities in management, internal processes, an technology that are applied to converting inputs in outputs.

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Transformational process

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Products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by an organization.

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Outputs

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Information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.

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Feedback

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System that continually interacts with its environment.

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Open system

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System that has little interaction with its environment.

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Closed system

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The study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems.

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complexity theory

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Translating principles based on evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.

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Evidence-based management

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An organization that actively creates, acquires and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.

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Learning organization

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The trend of the world economy that toward becoming a more independent system.

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Globalization

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Refers to the 'shrinking' of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for people around the globe to communicate.

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global village

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Refers to the increasing tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets.

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Global economy

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A business firm with operations in several countries.

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multinational corporation

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nonprofit organization with operations in several countries (i.e. International Red Cross)

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multinational organization

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Managers who believe that their native country, culture, language and behavior are superior to all others.

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Ethnocentric managers

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Narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspectives.

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Parochialism

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Manufacturing plants allowed to operate in Mexico with special privileges in return for employing Mexican citizens.

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Maquiladoras

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Using suppliers outside the US to provide labor, goods or services.

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Global outsourcing (offshoring)

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A company buys goods outside the country and resells them domestically.

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Importing

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A company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service.

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Licensing

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A form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and package of materials and services.

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franchising

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Working with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country.

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Joint venture (strategic alliance)

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Foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization.

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wholly-owned subsidiary

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Foreign subsidiary that the owning organization has built from scratch.

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greenfield venture

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The use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services.

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trade protectionism

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A trade barrier in the form of customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports.

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tariff

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The movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstructions.

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Free trade

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Trade barrier in the form of a limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported.

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Import quota

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The practice of a foreign company's exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market - or even below the costs of production - in order to drive down the price of the domestic product.

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Dumping

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A complete ban on the import or export of certain products.

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embargo

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Organization designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements.

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World Trade Organization (WTO)

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Organization that provides low-interest loans to developing nations for improving transportation, education, health and telecommunications.

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World bank

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Organization that is designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations.

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International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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Group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another.

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trading bloc

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Trading bloc consisting of US, Canada, and Mexico.

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North American Free trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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Consists of 28 trading partners in europe.

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European union

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Group of 21 pacific rim countries whose purpose is to improve economic and political ties.

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

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trading blow consisting of 10 countries in Asia.

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

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Largest trade bloc in Latin America and has five core members.

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Mercosur

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Involved the US and costa rica, DR, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.

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Central America Free Trade agreement (CAFTA-DR)

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The rate at which the currency of one area or country can be exchanged for the currency of another's.

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exchange rate

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Shared set of believes, values, knowledge and patterns of behavior common to a group of people.

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Culture

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Shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words.

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low-context culture

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People rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others

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high-context culture

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Massive and ongoing cross-cultural investigation of nine cultural dimensions involved in leadership and organizational process.

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GLOBE project

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A preference for doing one thing at a time.

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monochronic time

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Preference fro doing more than one thing at a time

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polychronic time

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Defined as a governments seizure of a domestic or foreign company's assets.

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Expropriation

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Makes it illegal for employees of US companies to make 'questionable' or 'dubious' contributions to political decision makers in foreign nations.

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

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People living or working in foreign countries

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Expatriates

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Coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results.

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Planning (ch. 5 definition)

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Large-scale action plan that sets the direction for an organization.

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Strategy

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A process that involves managers from all parts of the organization in the formulation and the implementation of strategies and strategic goals.

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Strategic management

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Long-term goal describing 'what' an organization wants to become. It is a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there.

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vision

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They determine what the organization's long-term goals should be for the next 1-5 years with the resources they expect to have available.

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Strategic planing

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They determine what contributions their departments or similar work units can make wit their given resources during the next 6-24 months.

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Tactical planning

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They determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources for the next 1 - 52 weeks.

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operational plannig

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Because in the chain of management (operational, tactical, strategic) the accomplishment of low-level goals is the means leading to accomplishment of high-level goals or ends.

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Means-end chain

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Defines the course of action needed to achieve the stated goal.

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Action plan

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Typically designed for a one-year period, defines how you will conduct your business based on the action plan; it identifies clear targets such as revenues, cash flow and market share.

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Operating Plan

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Are plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time.

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Standing plans

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Standing plan that outlines the general response ti a designated problem or situation.

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policy

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Standing plan that outlines the response to a particular set of problems or circumstances.

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Procedure

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Standing plan that designates specific required action.

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Rule

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Plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future.

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single-use plan

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Single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities.

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program

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single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program

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project

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Specific, Measurable, Attainable, results-oriented and Target (dates)

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SMART goal

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Four step process in which (1) managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee, (2) managers develop action plans, (3) managers and employees periodically review the employee;s performance and (4) the manager makes a performance appraisal and rewards the employee according to results.

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Management by objectives (MBO)

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Objectives down through the organization; that is, objectives are structured in a unified hierarchy, becoming more specific at lower levels of the organization.

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cascading

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has two planning steps (1 and 2) and two control steps (3 and 4), as follows: (1) make the plan, (2) carry out the plan, (3) control the direction by comparing results with the plan, (4) control the direction by taking corrective action in two ways - namely (a) by correcting deviations in the plan being carried out or (b) by improving future plans.

answer

Planning/control cycle

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