Foundations of Multicultural Education – Flashcards
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By 2020, students of color are projected to represent how much of the elementary and secondary populations?
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Nearly half
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What percentage of the teachers are European American?
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83%
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What percentage of the teachers are female?
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85%
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What percentage of all public school students are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch programs in the nation's schools?
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45%
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What is multicultural education? (Def)
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An educational strategy in which students' cultures are used to develop effective classroom instruction and school environments
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Multicultural supports and extends what in the school setting?
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The concepts of culture, diversity, equality, social justice, and democracy
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What defines who we are and influences our knowledge, beliefs, and values? (Term)
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Culture
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What provide the dos and don'ts if appropriate behavior?
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Culturally determined norms
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What is enculturation? (Def)
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The process of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture and becoming competent in its language and ways of behaving and knowing
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What is socialization? (Def)
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The general process of learning social norms of the culture
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When are enculturation and socialization initiated, and by who?
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Initiated at birth by parents, siblings, nurses. physicians, teachers, and neighbors
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Culture is ____ and ____
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Shared, adaptive
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Culture is a ____ system that _____ continuously
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Dynamic, changes
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Our values are initially determined by what?
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Our culture
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What is ethnocentrism? (Def)
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The inability to view other cultures as equally viable alternatives for organizing reality
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What is cultural relativism, in essence?
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An attempt to view the world through another person's cultural lens
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What is individualism? (Def)
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The belief that every individual is his or her own master, is in control of his or her own destiny, and will advance or regress in society only according to his or her own efforts
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Values of the U.S. dominant culture (2)
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Individualism, freedom
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T/F: Acculturation guarantees acceptance by the dominant group
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False
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What is assimilation? (Def)
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Process by which groups adopt and change the dominant culture
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What is cultural pluralism? (Def)
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A society that allows multiple distinctive groups to function separately and equally without requiring any assimilation into the dominant society
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What is multiculturalism? (Def)
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The condition in which different cultural groups can maintain their unique cultural identities while participating equally in the dominant culture
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What are subcultures? (Def)
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Groups within a society that are connected to cultural group memberships (such as gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, SES, religion, exceptionalities, language, and age)
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What are subsocieties? (Def)
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Groups within a society that have developed their own values, attitudes, and behaviors, which are different from the norm and often not acceptable to the dominant cultural group (punks, gangs, hippies)
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T/F: Identity is not fixed
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True
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What is hidden curriculum?
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The unwritten and informal rules that guide the expected behaviors and attitudes of students in schools
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What does it mean to be bicultural? (Def)
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Having the ability to function effectively in two distinct cultures
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What is egalitarianism? (Def)
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The belief in social, political, and economic rights and privileges for all people (All citizens are expected to have a voice)
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What is meritocracy? (Def)
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A system based on the belief that an individual's achievements are due to their own personal merits (Belief that all people have the opportunity to be successful if they just work hard)
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In meritocracy, the ____ is valued over the ____
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Individual, group
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Meritocracy stresses differences through what?
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Competition
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What is social justice? (Def)
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A philosophy calling for citizens to provide for those in society who are less advantaged
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What is prejudice? (Def)
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Negative attitudes about a general group of people
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Prejudice results from what?
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A lack in understanding of history, experiences, values, and perceptions of groups other than one's own
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Discrimination occurs at what two levels?
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Individual and institutional
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What is discrimination? (Def)
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The arbitrary denial of the privileges and rewards of society to members of a particular group
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What is canon? (Def)
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The principles, rules, standards, values, or norms that guide a Western European education
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What is cultural capital? (Def)
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Endowments such as academic competence, language competence, and wealth that provide an advantage to an individual, family, or group
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What is compensatory education? (Def)
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The provision of special services to students who have limited economic or educational advantages
