Biology – Chapter 6 Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis – Flashcards
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What 2 groups are the cells in your body divided into?
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Somatic and germ cells
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What are somatic cells also called?
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Body cells
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Make up most of your body tissues and organs
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Somatic cells
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What in your body cells is not passed on to your children?
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DNA
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Cells is your reproductive organs, the ovaries or the testes, that develop into gametes
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Germ cells
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Sex cells
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Gametes
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Sex cells in a female?
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Ova or eggs
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Sex cells in a male?
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Spermatozoa or sperm
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How many chromosomes does each of your body cells contain?
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46 which come in 23 pairs
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Each pair of chromosomes
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Homologous pair
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Two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance
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Homologous chromosomes
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What do homologous chromosomes have copies of?
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The same genes
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What have scientists assigned to each pair of homologous chromosomes?
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Number, ordered from largest to smallest
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Which chromosome pairs make up your autosomes?
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Pairs 1-22
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What are the two very different sex chromosomes in humans?
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X and Y
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How is an organism's sex determined?
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By the XY system
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Organism with two XX chromosomes
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Female
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Organism with one X and one Y chromosome
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Male
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What do sex chromosomes make up?
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Your 23rd pair of chromosomes
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The larger sex chromosome that contains numerous genes, including many that are unrelated to sexual characteristics
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X
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The sex chromosome that contains genes that direct the development of the testes and other male traits
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Y
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Are body cells haploid or diploid?
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Diploid
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Are gametes haploid or diploid?
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Haploid
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Involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
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Sexual reproduction
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The actual fusion of an egg and sperm
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Fertilization
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A cell has two copies of each chromosomes, one from mother, one from father
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Diploid
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How are diploid cells represented?
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2n
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How are gametes represented?
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N
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A cell has only one copy of each chromosome
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Haploid
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How many autosomes does each human egg and sperm have?
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22
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How many sex chromosomes does each human egg and sperm have?
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1
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The form of nuclear division that divides diploid cell into haploid cell
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Meiosis
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What is meiosis sometimes called? Why?
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Reduction division; reduces a cell's chromosome number by half
