STERILE PROCESSING FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 1-23 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
What is Central Service ?
answer
Centralized distribution of supplies to all customers in the hospital.
question
What is the Central Service One Way Work Flow ?
answer
-Decontamination (soiled) -Preparation, Packaging, Sterilization (clean) -Sterile Storage (sterile)
question
What is the purpose of a One Way Work Flow ?
answer
To prevent cross contamination.
question
Decontamination
answer
Physically or chemically render instruments or equipment that may be contaminated with harmful micro organisms to make it safe to handle.
question
Negative air flow
answer
Air flows into a room from other surrounding areas, pressure is less than other adjacent areas.
question
Positive Air Pressure
answer
Maintains air flow out of a room, this helps with keeping all dust particles and microorganisms out.
question
Standard Precautions
answer
Treat everyone and everything as infected /contaminated.
question
Job Description
answer
Define and communicate job duties and requirements in organization.
question
Nosocomial Infection
answer
Hospital Acquired Infection.
question
Textile Packaging Materials should be held at a room temperature of ______ and a relative humidity of ____ for a minimum of __ ____ prior to sterilization.
answer
-64-72 degrees F -35-70% -2 Hours
question
Superheating
answer
When steam is at a temperature which exceeds that of saturated steam at the same pressure.
question
Linen packaging material is limited to a size of _______,not weigh more than _______, and maximum density must not exceed ______.
answer
-12x12x20 -12 lbs -7.2 lbs
question
What is a wet pack?
answer
Containers with moisture after the sterilization process is complete.
question
What are the 2 flat wrapping techniques and the 2 folds?
answer
-Sequential -Simultaneous -Square Fold -Envelope Fold
question
Wrapped pans of instruments should not exceed ____ in weight.
answer
16 lbs
question
What is the maximum weight for containerized instrument sets recommended by AAMI/ANSI?
answer
25 lbs
question
Wrapped basin sets should not exceed _____.
answer
7 lbs
question
Sterility (time-related)
answer
Package is considered sterile until a specific expiration date is reached.
question
Sterility (event-related)
answer
Items are considered sterile unless the integrity of the packaging is compromised or suspected of being compromised.
question
Name the 4 things that event-related sterility depends on.
answer
1. Quality of the wrapping material. 2. Handling procedures. 3. Storage and transport conditions. 4. Number of times the package has been handled (4 times).
question
Name 4 concerns when it comes to packaging.
answer
1. Moisture contamination. 2. Dirt, Dust, and Debris. 3. Physical damage. 4. Breakdown of packaging material due to wear of age.
question
Sterile Storage standards, temperatures should be at ______ and relative humidity should be less than ____.
answer
- 64-75 degrees F - 75%
question
Sterile storage standards, sterile items should be stored at least ___ away from exterior walls, ______ above the floor and from the ceiling.
answer
-2 inches -8-10 inches
question
What is Passivation?
answer
A chemical process applied during instrument manufacture that provides a corrosion-resistant finish by forming a thin transparent oxide film.
question
Scissors 4 1/2" and larger use a ____ test material and scissors 4" or smaller use ______ material to check blades for sharpness.
answer
-red -yellow
question
____ ____ are tested with an index card at least 5 times. ______ should be tested using 3"x 5" index cards.
answer
-Bone cutters -Rongeurs
question
Name at least 10 of the 15 solutions that can damage surgical instruments.
answer
1. Saline 2. Betadine 3. Peroxide 4. Dish soaps 5. Soaking in water 6. Soaking in saline 7. Bleach 8. Iodine 9. Hand soaps 10. Laundry detergents.
question
How is an eraser test performed? Explain and be specific.
answer
After a stain is discovered, use the eraser to remove the discoloration, look at the metal below the discoloration to determine if there are any tiny pit marks. If pit marks are discovered, this is corrosion. Take instruments out of rotation.
question
Why do we use lubricants on instruments? Where is it applied? Please explain.
answer
-Extends the life of instruments and makes it easier for surgeon to use. -Lubricants are applied at instruments' hinged area or any working component such as a moving/sliding area.
question
Name the 9 body systems.
answer
1. Skeletal 2. Muscular 3. Nervous 4. Endocrine 5. Reproductive 6. Urinary/Excretory 7. Respiratory 8. Digestive 9. Circulatory
question
Cells reproduce by a phase called ______.
answer
Mitosis.
question
What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system ?
answer
1. Give the body shape and support. 2. Allow movement. 3. Protect vital organs. 4. Reproduce vital organs. 5. Store calcium.
question
What are the different types of joints?
answer
-Gliding joints -Ball and socket joints -Pivot joints -Hinge joints
question
What are the 3 membranes that surround the brain and provide nourishment and protection?
answer
1. Pia mater (inner) 2. Arachnoid mater (middle) 3. Dura mater (outer)
question
The brain is divided into 3 parts, what are they?
answer
1. Cerebrum (largest portion) 2. Cerebellum 3. Brain Stem
question
What is the primary function of the Endocrine System?
answer
To secrete hormones.
question
The pancreas has 2 primary hormones that it produces, what are they? What is their function?
answer
1. Insulin- reduces the level of sugar in the blood stream. 2. Glucagon- increases the blood sugar level.
question
What is the alimentary canal? What does it consists of?
answer
Pathway that food takes through the digestive system. Consists of; mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
question
What is plasma?
answer
A yellow fluid that contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, minerals and hormones.
question
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
answer
1. Left Atria (upper) 2. Right Atria (upper) 3. Left Ventricle (lower) 4. Right Ventricle (lower)
question
Bacteria are often classified by their what?
answer
-Shape -Color change -Need for oxygen
question
What are the 2 common stain tests?
answer
-Gram stain (purple is gram positive) (pink is gram negative) -Ziehl-Nelson (acid-fast stain) (bright red)
question
_______ likes cold temperatures, ______ likes moderate temperatures, and _______ likes warm temperatures.
answer
-Psychrophiles -Mesophiles -Thermophiles
question
What does MRSA stand for?
answer
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
question
What does VRE stand for?
answer
Vancomycin-Resistant Eneterococcus
question
How do bacteria reproduce?
answer
By a process called Binary fission.
question
What is the chain of infection? Please explain.
answer
1. Causative agent- microorganism that causes infection 2. Reservoir of the agent- where infectious agent stays 3. Portal of Exit- where infectious agent leaves 4. Mode of transmission- method of transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host 5. Portal of Entry- path used to enter susceptible host 6. Susceptible Host- Person fighting off infection
question
What does FDA regulate?
answer
The manufacturer of all medical devices.
question
What is the classification of medical devices? What is the risk? Does it require a 510k or pre-market approval? Please explain and give an example of each.
answer
1. Class I Medical devices-low risk, no pre-market approval. Ex:Ultrasonic cleaners 2. Class II Medical devices- medium risk, needs 510k. Ex: Sterilizers 3. Class III Medical devices-high risk, requires pre-market approval. Ex: Heart valves
question
What is a 510k application vs Pre-market approval ?
answer
-510k application is used when there are changes in the product. -Pre-market approval is done when there is a new product being released.
question
Due to the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, healthcare facilities are required to report events to the FDA and manufacturer within ___ working days.
answer
10
question
What are the categories for FDA recalls ? What is their risk? What can it cause?
answer
Class I-High risk, causes serious health/death Class II-medium risk, causes temporary health problems Class III-low risk, low chance of causing health issues
question
What is the Umbrella? Please illustrate.
answer
(U.N.S.A.F.E.J.O.E)
question
CDC
answer
Centers for Disease Control. Federal agency that issues infection control guidelines.
question
EPA
answer
Environmental Protection Agency. Establishes in 1970 to enforce federal laws pertaining to air and water pollution and other environmentally related statues.
question
DOT
answer
Department of Transportation. Federal agency that regulates labeling and containment of hazardous waste, biohazard items and minimally processed items for transport.
question
OSHA
answer
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Primary role is to protect workers from conditionally caused illnesses and injuries.
question
AAMI
answer
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Develops recommended practices and standards.
question
ANSI
answer
American National Standards Institute. Standards are submitted to ANSI for approval, such as AAMI.
question
AORN
answer
Association of Operating Room Nurses. Dedicated to providing optimal care to the surgical patient.
question
APIC
answer
Association for professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology. Voluntary international organization dedicated to the prevention and control of infections and related outcomes.
question
ISO
answer
International Standards Organization. Globally based non-governmental standards organization.
question
Joint Commission
answer
Independent non-profit organization, sets healthcare quality standards and protects patients and visitors, conducts inspections of healthcare facilities.
question
NFPA
answer
National Fire Protection Association. International association that works to reduce the burden of fire and other hazards; sets fire safety standards.
question
USP-NF
answer
United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. Sets standards for packaging, labeling, bacteriological purity, pH, and mineral content.
question
WHO
answer
World Health Organization. Combats infectious diseases and promotes the general health of the people of the world.
question
SGNA
answer
Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. A non-profit organization that collects information and establishes standards and guidelines relating to the processing of flexible endoscopes.
question
IAHCSMM
answer
International Association of Healthcare Central Service Material Management
question
At what length should fingernails be maintained and y?
answer
1/4" or less because they may harbor microorganisms.
question
What is the temperature, humidity, and air exchange in each area of CPD?
answer
-Decontamination: temp is 60-65 degrees F, humidity is 30-60%, air exchanges is 10 per hour. -Prep and Pack: temp is 68-73 degrees F, humidity is 30-60%, air exchanges is 10 per hour. -Sterile storage: temp is 75 degrees or lower, humidity is less than 75%, air exchanges is 4 per hour.
question
What do you wear in the different areas ?
answer
-Decon: scrubs, hair cover, shoe cover, gown, eye goggles, face shield, gloves, and face mask. -Assembly and Sterile storage: scrubs and hair cover. -OR: scrubs, hair cover, and face mask may be required. -Normal traffic areas: regular street attire.
question
Fomites
answer
Inanimate objects that can transmit bacteria.
question
Any items brought in by the vendors should be kept in the __________.
answer
Breakout area
question
Asepsis
answer
The absence of microorganisms tat cause disease.
question
Aseptic Technique
answer
Any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection.
question
Medical Asepsis
answer
Procedures performed to reduce the number of microorganisms or minimize their spread.
question
Surgical Asepsis
answer
Procedures performed to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms and/or to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into an area.
question
What are the 5 basic principles of Asepsis?
answer
1. Know what is dirty. 2. Know what is clean. 3. Know what is sterile. 4. Keep the 3 conditions seperate. 5. Remedy contamination immediately.
question
Conductivity
answer
A measurement of the ability of water to carry an electric current.
question
What causes hard water stains ?
answer
Calcium and Magnesium
question
What causes rainbow stains on stainless steel?
answer
Silicates
question
Purified water should have a pH of _____.
answer
6.5-7.5
question
What is the level of Silicates in water used for cleaning ?
answer
100 ppm or less
question
What is the level of Chloride ?
answer
100 ppm
question
What is Reverse Osmosis?
answer
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate impurities in the water.
question
What are enzymes ?
answer
Catalysts that breakdown or "digest" large organic molecules to facilitate their removal.
question
Protease
answer
Enzymes that break down proteins.
question
Lipase
answer
Enzymes that break down fats.
question
Amylase
answer
Enzymes that break down starches.
question
Free Rinsing
answer
Removal of any residue of cleaning agents and chemicals remaining after the cleaning process.
question
What is the preferred transportation method ? Why?
answer
Closed transport system to avoid cross contamination.
question
Please fill in the blanks on the pH table.
answer
-_____ _______ -_____ _______ -_____ Neutral -_____ _______ -_____ _______
question
Sequestering agent
answer
Chemicals that remove hard water minerals.
question
Surfactant
answer
A surface-acting agent that lowers the surface tension of a liquid so it can penetrate deeper.
question
Chelating agent
answer
Chemicals that hold hard water minerals in solution and prevent soaps or detergents from reacting with minerals.
question
3-sink setup
answer
1. Wash sink-water and detergent 2. Intermediate rinse sink- plain deionized water 3. Final rinse sink- deionized water
question
Water temperatures should be below ____ to prevent coagulation.
answer
110 degrees F
question
Name 8 items that should not be placed in the ultrasonic cleaner.
answer
1. Chrome-plated instruments 2. Ebonized instruments 3. Plastic 4. Cork 5. Glass 6. Wood 7. Chrome 8. Rubber
question
What process is used for Ultrasonic Cleaners? please explain.
answer
Cavitation process, which is when ultrasonic vibrations create tiny air bubbles that grow larger until they implode (collapse). This process reaches small areas that brushes cannot reach.
question
What process is used for Mechanical Washers?
answer
Impingement, which is a spray force of water.
question
What are prions? What do they cause?
answer
A sort of virus that is hard to kill, has a misfolded protein, it lacks DNA and RNA. It causes Mad Cow Disease, and TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy)
question
Shelf life vs Use life?
answer
-Shelf life: Length of time a disinfectant can be properly stored till expired. -Use life: Length of time or number of times disinfectant can be used until efficiency (strength) or disinfectant is diminished.
question
What is MEC and what level should it be at?
answer
MEC is a test used to check the effectiveness of the chemical concentration level, which should be at 0.3% or higher for OPA.
question
Fill in the blanks in the Spaulding Classification System.
answer
Body Contact Destruction Method Item Class Intact skin High-Level Critical
question
Name 3 types of PSI?
answer
1. Electrically powered instruments 2. Pneumatic powered instruments 3. Battery powered instruments
question
What is an AER?
answer
Automatic Endoscope Reprocessors, they clean, disinfect, and rinse flexible endoscopes.
question
Name 5 advantages of using AERs.
answer
1. Timed cleaning 2. Consistent exposure 3. Timed contact 4. Air flush cycle 5. Use of of copious rinse water
question
What is a leak test? How is it done?
answer
It is done to check for holes on the scopes' shaft. Close all port openings with proper caps, submerge endoscope shaft in water, force air through it using a syringe or wall powered air then look for continuous bubbles, if there is a leak take it out of rotation.
question
What are the different Endoscope channels?
answer
-Instrument Channel -Suction Channel -Optical Channel -Air/Water Channel -Some flexible scopes have separate air and water channels.
question
Tell me what each scope is used for. (Endoscope man)
answer
1. Laryngoscope-to visualize the larynx. 2. Esophagoscope-to visualize the esophagus. 3. Colonoscope-to visualize the large intestine. 4. Sigmoidoscope-to visualize the lower part of the large intestine. 5. Esophagogastro Duodenoscope-to visualize esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. 6. Bronchoscope-to visualize the tracheobronchial tree. 7. Gastroscope-to visualize the upper GI tract and stomach. 8. Laparoscope-to visualize the abdominal cavity. 9. Cystoscope-to visualize the urethra and bladder.
question
Point of use Processing
answer
Occurs immediately before an item is used and/or close to a patient care area.
question
Flash Sterilization
answer
The process by which unwrapped instruments are sterilized for immediate use when and emergency situation arises.
question
Trays must be _______ or _______ bottom ensure good circulation.
answer
-perforated -meshed
question
To properly decontaminate instruments must be ______ and _________ to the smallest part.
answer
-opened -disassembled
question
Up to ___ of microorganisms can be removed with thorough cleaning.
answer
-99%
question
Terminal Sterilization
answer
Sterilizing wrapped instruments in full cycle.
question
What are the 3 types of Flash Sterilization cycles?
answer
-gravity displacement -pre-vacuum -express
question
What are the phases for flash sterilization ?
answer
1.Condition 2.Exposure 3.Exhaust/Dry
question
What is the Atmospheric room pressure at sea level ?
answer
-14.7^15 psi
question
At 270 degrees, pressure should be at least ______.
answer
-27 psi
question
Chemical Indicator vs Class 5 integrator ?
answer
-CI reacts to one or more parameter. -Class 5 monitors all critical parameters.
question
Peracetic Acid
answer
A liquid oxidiZing agent that is an effective biocide at low temperature.
question
Bowie Dick Test
answer
AKA Residual Air Removal test, must be ran everyday to check the efficiency of the sterilizers air removal system during the pre-vac cycle to detect inadequate air removal or air leaks in the chamber.
question
What should Flash Documentation contain ?
answer
-Patient's name -contents of the flash cycle -type of sterilization cycle -cycle parameters -reason for flash sterilization -signature of staff person responsible for release of the load
question
Negative BI result should not be the only one depended on to prove all items in loads are sterile, also check for what?
answer
-chemical indicators -class 5 integrators -mechanical monitor printout -Bowie dick test results
question
Conduction
answer
Heat transfer from one part of an item to another.
question
Convection
answer
Heat transfer from one point to another as gas or liquid circulates.
question
Saturated steam
answer
Steam that contains the maximum amount of water vapor.
question
What are the common temperatures for Steam sterilization ?
answer
-250 and 270-275 degrees F
question
What is the time frame for items to cool down before use?
answer
30-60 minutes, heavier items can take several hours.
question
Validation
answer
Procedures used by equipment manufacturers to obtain, record, and interpret test results required to establish that a process consistently produces a sterile product.
question
Verification
answer
Procedures used by healthcare facilities to confirm that the validation undertaken by the equipment manufacturer is applicable to the specific setting.
question
What is the most common temperature for Dry Heat sterilization ?
answer
320 degrees F for preferably 2 hours.
question
D-Value
answer
The amount of time required to kill 90% of the microorganisms present.
question
Please explain how you clean the chamber drain filter.
answer
Clean daily, under running water with mild detergent using a non-abrasive brush.
question
Name 4 factors that impact sterilization.
answer
1. Type of microorganisms present 2. Number of microorganisms present 3. Amount and type of soil present 4. Amount of protection the medical device provides
question
Residual (EtO)
answer
The amount of EtO that remains inside the materials after they have been sterilized.
question
PEL
answer
Limits developed by OSHA to indicate the maximum airborne concentration of a contaminant to which an employee may be exposed over the duration assigned to that contaminant.
question
What is the aeration time for EtO sterilized items ?
answer
-8 hours at 140 degrees F -12 hours at 122 degrees F
question
Aeration
answer
A process in which a device is actively subjected to moving air.
question
When transferring loads to the aerator, ____ do not _____ the load to prevent from inhaling any fumes.
answer
Pull, push
question
Gas plasma kills by what process ?
answer
Oxidation
question
Name the different inventory control methods.
answer
-Min/max System -Economic Order Quantity -Stockless supplies -Just-in-time System -Consignment System
question
What are 2 inventory tracking systems ?
answer
-Bar codes -Radio Frequency Identification
question
Patient Care Equipment
answer
Portable equipment used to assist in the care and treatment of patients.
question
Who is responsible for performing safety inspections and function tests on medical equipment ?
answer
-Biomedical Engineering Department
question
Biomed Techs perform periodical or scheduled safety inspections established by ________.
answer
-Joint Commission
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New