World History/Chapter 1/ Early Humans – Flashcards
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Prehistory
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The period before writing was developed.
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Archaeology
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The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them.
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Artifacts
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Tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items left behind by early people.
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Anthropology
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The study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils.
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Fossil
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The remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth's crust.
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Australopithecine
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"Southern Apes." The earliest humanlike creatures that flourished in eastern and southern Africa three to four million years ago.
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Hominids
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Humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright.
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Homo Erectus
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"Upright human being." A species that emerged around 1.5 million years ago and marked a second stage of early human development.
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Homo Sapiens
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"Wise human being." A species that emerged around 250,000 years ago and marked a third stage in human development.
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Neanderthals
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Type of Homo Sapiens that lived in Europe and the Middle East between 100,000 and 30,000 B.C.
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Homo Sapiens Sapiens
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"Wise, wise human being." A species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans.
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Paleolithic Age
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From the Greek for "Old Stone," the early period of human history, from approximately 2,500,000 to 10,000 B.C., during which humans used simple stone tools; sometimes called the Old Stone Age.
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Neolithic Revolution
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The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occured around 8000 B.C.
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Systematic Agriculture
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The keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis.
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Domestication
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Adaptation for human use.
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Artisan
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A skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons and jewelry.
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Bronze Age
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The period from around 3000 to 1200 B.C. characterized by the widespread use of bronze for tools and weapons.
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Culture
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The way of life a peoples follows.
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Civilization
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A complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structure, religion and art.
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Monarch
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A king or queen who rules a kingdom.
