The GLOBE study – Flashcards
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strong connection between culture and leadership
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past research to GLOBE study showed...
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specific cultural aspects lead to local "appropriate" leadership styles
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direct impact of culture on leadership
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common technologies, logic, global institutions are pushing universal acceptance of some leadership styles
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leadership can transcend cultural boundaries
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Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
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What does GLOBE stand for?
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-how does our culture impact our theories of leadership? -what good leaders can do? * link between societal culture --- leader attributes and behaviors --- leader effectiveness
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Key takeaway from GLOBE theory
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there's an established set of subconscious ideas about acceptable leadership driven by culture
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implicit theories of leadership
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Practices instead of values (hoftede focused on values)
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GLOBE theory focuses on this instead of this
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"as is", current state
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Practices describe culture...
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"should be"
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Values describe culture....
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1 - performance orientation 2- assertiveness 3 - future orientation 4 - humane orientation 5 - institutional collectivism 6- in-group collectivism 7 - gender egalitarianism 8- power distance 9- uncertainty avoidance
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GLOBE's 9 cultural dimensions
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degree to which a collective encourages + rewards group members for performance improvement, excellence - China = high - Greece = low *completely new from Hofstede's dims
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Performance orientation
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degree to which individuals in a collective are + should be assertive, confrontational with others a. These two are a division of masculinity vs. femininity from Hofstede's b. prototype - Germany
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Assertiveness
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degree to which individuals engage in future-oriented behavior - planning, investing, delaying gratification a. United States b. Focus on past or present = lower future orientation
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Future orientation
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degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, kind, etc. a. Offshoot from masculinity/femininity b. Canada c. Middle Eastern countries score very high
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Human orientation
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collective distribution of resources, collective action at societal level a. What is the safety net for those that can't help themselves, at institutional levels b. Ex in American society = social security c. Countries that are high in democratic socialism
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Institutional collectivism
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pride, loyalty, cohesiveness - "in-group" = family, tribe, clan a. In that in-group - people take care of each other b. Perception that US is higher here
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In-group collectivism
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degree to which there is minimization of gender inequality
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Gender egalitarianism
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degree to which individuals in a collective expect power to be distributed equally/unequally a. Could tell a lot about a society's power distance by cemetery. Also the height of tall buildings in cities vs. slums
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Power distance
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the extent to which individuals rely on social norms, rules, procedures, practices to alleviate unpredictability of future events a. Similar to Hofstede's dimension, but different because it looked more into risk b. Look into traffic laws, India. Little compliance of laws= low uncertainty avoi.
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Uncertainty avoidance
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1 - Charismatic/value-based leadership 2 - Team-oriented 3 - Participative 4 - Humane-oriented 5 - Autonomous 6 - Self-protective
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What are the 6 GLOBE dimensions of leadership
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ability to inspire, motivate + expect high performance outcomes
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Charismatic / Value-based leadership
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team-building, implementation of common goal/purpose
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Team-oriented
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involving others in decision-making + implementation
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Participative
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supportive, considerate leadership, compassion, generosity
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Humane-oriented
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independent, individualistic leadership style
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Autonomous
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safety + security of individual leader - self-centered, face-saving
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Self-protective
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- cultures are different, we can quantify how * universally effective leadership attributes * universally ineffective leadership attributes - culturally contingent leadership attributes
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5 Key findings of GLOBE study
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becayse cultures are different, we can quantify how
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Why do we use country clusters?
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- being honest - decisive - motivational - dynamic * administratively competent: - having foresight, planning ahead, coordinating
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universally effective leadership attributes
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- being a loner - irritable - egocentric - autocratic (*some cultures have higher tolerance but will not be happy about it)
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universally ineffective leadership attributes
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- being a risk taker - status-conscious - individualistic
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culturally contingent leadership attributes
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1 - Two steps recommended by research 2 - key attributes for global leaders 3 - better development of global leaders
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Implications of GLOBE
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1 - sharing of cultural information between expatriate and hosts - two-way street 2 - think about how to bridge the gap between cultures - the common ground (most often is that we are all human with hopes/dreams/fears)
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Two steps recommended by GLOBE
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- global mindset - tolerance for ambiguity - ability to show cultural adaptability and flexibility
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key attributes for global leaders
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culture has a major influence on leadership
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GLOBE -
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most comprehensive information on culture, cultural leadership we have to date
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GLOBE study
