Intro to Sociology, Ch. 8 & 9 – Flashcards
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Organized crime refers to:
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any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
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Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?
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youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen
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Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that:
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powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant
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If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish which of the following?
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deterrence
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Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?
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innovator
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His friends begin to criticize Marco as a "juice-head," pushing him out of their social circle. Marco begins to drink even more, becomes bitter, and joins a new group of friends who also are heavy drinkers. According to Lemert, Marco's situation illustrates:
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the onset of secondary deviance.
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Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton's theory of deviance, stating that crime:
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reflects both limited legitimate opportunity as well as accessible illegitimate opportunity.
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In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that:
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even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community
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Prostitution is widely regarded as which of the following types of crime?
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victimless crime
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The "Seeing Sociology in the News" box on page 238 (Sociology, 13th ed., by John J. Macionis, 2010) identifies the recent trends by which U.S. corrections systems:
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incarcerate more persons than any other country in the world.
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Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-control technology:
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social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive.
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About ______ of men and _____ of women in the United States claim that they have a homosexual identity.
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2.8 percent; 1.4 percent
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Little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex is called:
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asexuality.
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Which of the following concepts refers to a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person?
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sexual orientation
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From a global perspective, prostitution is most common in:
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poor nations, where women have fewer economic opportunities.
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Which concept refers to genitals that distinguish females and males?
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primary sex characteristics
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Survey research on attitudes towards premarital sex tells us that:
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the public is more accepting of premarital sex than it was a generation ago.
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"Seeing Sociology in the News" on page 196 (Sociology, 13th ed., by John J. Macionis, 2010) describes a college sociology student who blogs about "hook-ups, booty-calls and friends with benefits." She decided to document a week's worth of her own conquests, but at the end of the week she had not had a single sexual encounter. The point of the story is that:
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while college students are publicly documenting their sex lives more than ever, coeds have less sex than is commonly thought.
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When did the sexual revolution begin?
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It began in 1920s and grew quickly in the late 1960s.
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Queer theory is a growing body of knowledge asserting that:
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there is a heterosexual bias in U.S. society.
