Apush Chapter 33 Terms – Flashcards

A small group of young reform-minded intellectuals responsible for writing FDR's speeches and authoring much of the New Deal legislation.

FDR's program for economic relief, recovery, and reform of the abuses that had produced the Great Depression.

Period at the outset of FDR's administration when many of the essential measures of the New Deal were passed in an emergency session of Congress.

Legislation passed by the Hundred Days Congress which provided for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured individual deposits up to $5,000, ending an epidemic of bank failures and helping to restore the public's confidence in the banking system.

Agency created by the Hundred Days Congress with the purpose of providing jobs and aiding in industrial recovery; provided for fresh-air government camps for 3 million young men whose work included reforestation, firefighting, flood control, and swamp drainage; workers were required to send home a portion of their pay to their parents.

Agency established by the Hundred Days Congress with the goal of assisting labor, industry, and the unemployed; individual industries were tasking with formulating "fair competition codes" under which hours of labor were reduced to spread employment out over more people; anti-union contracts were forbidden and workers were formally guaranteed the right to organize and bargain collectively; requiring a high level of self-sacrifice from labor and industry, the agency ultimately failed.

A radical approach to farm recovery launched by the Hundred Days Congress; employed "artificial scarcity" to establish set prices for basic commodities; growers were paid to reduce crop acreage, eliminating price-depressing surpluses; although the program raised farm income, it also increased unemployent and was met with harsh criticism; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1936.

Term for the area that stretched from Colorado to Missouri that suffered devastating dust storms caused by prolonged drought, over-farming, and high winds; thousands lost their farms and were forced to move westward.

One of the most revolutionary pieces of legislation passed by the Hundred Days Congress; created an agency that developed the hydroelectric potential of the Tennessee River, putting thousands to work and reforming the power monopoly by establishing a standard for electricity rates; the project revitalized the Tennessee Valley region.

One of the greatest victories for New Dealers, this act provided for federal-state unemployment insurance and old-age pensions financed by a payroll tax on both workers and employers; bitterly opposed by Republicans.

Passed in the aftermath of the axing of the Nation Recovery Act, this legislation created a powerful new National Labor Relations Board and reasserted the right of labor to organize and engage in collective bargaining.

Act requiring industries involved in interstate commerce to set up minimum wage and maximum-hour levels; also prohibited labor by children under sixteen.

Union of unskilled laborers formed in 1935 by John L. Lewis; utilized the revolutionary technique of the sit-down strike, which prevented the importation of strike-breakers, at the General Motors factory in Flint, Michigan and was involved in a bloody massacre at the Republic Steel Company in Chicago; its members number 4 million by 1940.

Frustrated with an ultraconservative Supreme Court that held six justices over the age of seventy, none of whom he had appointed, FDR surprised Congress by asking for legislation to permit his to add a new justice to the Court for every member over seventy that refused to retire, up to a total of fifteen; this scheme was met with a storm of opposition and FDR was vilified for attempting to break down the nation's revered system of check and balances.

Economic theory that advocated deficit spending to stimulate the economy; with the depression still lingering in 1937, FDR announced a bold new program embracing this theory and effectively reversing current economic policies.

Wife of FDR; one of the most active First Ladies, she supported the impoverished and oppressed and commanded enormous popularity and influence during FDR's presidency.

Zealous head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, established to provide immediate relief to the unemployed by granting about $3 billion to the states for direct dole payments and wages on work projects.

Catholic priest and agitator who used radio to broadcast his attacks on the New Deal and FDR, with the slogan "Social Justice"; after his broadcast became increasingly anti-Semitic and fascist, he was pulled off the air.

Retired physician who proposed that all citizens over the age of sixty receive $200 a month from the government on the condition that they spend it within a month's time; attracted the support of over 5 million senior citizens.

Flamboyant and notorious Louisiana senator who advocated a "Share the Wealth" plan in which every family was to receive $5,000 at the expense of the prosperous; called "one of the most dangerous men in the country" by FDR.

FDR's Secretary of Labor, she was America's first female cabinet member.

Director of the Office of Minority Affairs in the National Youth Administration, she served as the highest ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration; organized a "Black Cabinet" to ensure that blacks benefited from New Deal programs along with whites.

Senator who championed the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), a milestone in the United States labor movement.