AMH 2020 Mid-term Study Guide – Flashcards
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1876 Election
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Was a controversial event that is widely considered to be the symbolic end of reconstruction
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Lakota
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Indians in the Wounded Knee Massacre
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General Lee
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Commander of Northern Virgina, surrendered in April 1865 that ended the Civil War
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William Tweed
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Ran NYC's democratic party for much of the mid 19th century until his corruption caught up with him
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National Road Turn Pike
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First "Pay as you go" roads
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Thomas Edison
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Owned and operated the first research labs in America
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Sharecropping
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A comprimse between both Plantation owners and slaves. Slaves rented some of the farm and worked in exchange for food and shelter
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Response to Black Codes. Was the first Federal Law to define citizenship.
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Robert Fulton
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Invented the steam engine
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Gave the government the right to break up monopolies
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The Haymarket Riot
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1886 incident that made unions, particularly the Knights of Labor, look violent because a bomb exploded during a protest of striking workers.
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Vertical Integration
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absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
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Horizontal Integration
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Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition.
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Dawes Act
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An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism.
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Schenck v. US
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Can limit free speech when there is a "clear and present danger"
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Grandfather Clause
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A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.
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Poll Tax
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Southern action against black voters that made voters pay a tax to vote
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Literacy Test
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A southern action against black voters that made voters complete a harsh test
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Exclusion Extension Act
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Extended the exclusion of chinese immigration to America
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Black Codes
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Laws restricting oppertunities to Blacks
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Jim Crow Laws
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Laws that segregated Blacks from the white population
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13th Amendment
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Abolished Slavery
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14th Amendment
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Granted Citizenship to African Americans
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15th Amendment
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Granted the right to vote to all men
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Homestead Act
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Provided for the transfer of 160 acres (65 hectares) of unoccupied public land to each homesteader on payment of a nominal fee after five years of residence; land could also be acquired after six months of residence at $1.25 an acre. Made owning land in the west affordable.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Passed in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat.
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Populist Party
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Also Known as the People's Party, they demanded unlimited coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, and immigration restrictions
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18th Amendment
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Prohibition of Alcohol
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19th Amendment
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Gave women the right to vote
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Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
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An annual gathering (1825-1840) at various locations held by a fur trading company at which trappers and mountain men sold their furs and hides and replenished their supplies.
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George E. Waring
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An American sanitary engineer who designed the first sewer systems to be used in American cities
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Molly Maguires
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Was an Irish secret society that fought for coal miner's rights in Central and Eastern Pennsylvania during the 19th Century. The "Mollies" were mostly known for their activism amongst Irish American coal miners in Pennsylvania.
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The Great Arrival
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A period of mass immigration of five million people from Italy to the United States beginning the 1890s and continuing to the 1920s.
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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Known among his business associates as "The Commodore." He originally made his fortune in the shipping industry, and later became a major railroad magnate.
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Andrew Carnegie
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A major Scottish-American industrialist who owned and operated the U.S. Steel Corporation, based out of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Later in life he became a high profile philanthropist who gave away over 90% of his wealth.
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John D. Rockefeller
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Founded, owned, and operated the Standard Oil Company, which became one of the largest corporations in the United States. Rockefeller later bought U.S. Steel from Andrew Carnegie and singlehandedly amassed the largest personal fortune since
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Boxer Rebellion
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Was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement, which took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty between 1898 and 1900.
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Russo - Japanese War
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A war between the Russian empire and Japan in 1904-05, caused by territorial disputes in Manchuria and Korea.
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Pancho Villa
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A Mexican revolutionary leader of the twentieth century. He was defeated in the struggle for the presidency of Mexico after the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and was eventually assassinated
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American Exceptionalism
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Is the theory that the United States is qualitatively different from other nation states. Although the term does not necessarily imply superiority, many American conservative writers have promoted its use in that sense
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Election of 1896
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The 1896 presidential election is often seen as a realigning election
