1984: Part Two Study Guide – Flashcards
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When Winston helps the dark-haired girl up after she's fallen, what happens?
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She looks frightened, but slips a piece of paper into Winston's hand
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What is written on the piece of paper that the dark-haired girl slips into Winston's hand?
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I love you
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Outside of fearing for his physical safety, what is Winston's biggest fear in meeting with the girl?
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He's 39 and she's considerably younger, so he fears she may change her mind about him
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Who seems to control the interactions of Winston and the dark-haired girl?
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She does--she seems to be much more confident as to how to proceed
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What is a literary juxtaposition?
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A technique in which two ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or poem to develop comparisons and contrasts
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There is a juxtaposition at the end of Chapter 1 in this part of the book--what is it?
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The juxtaposition at the end of Chapter 1 is that the girl is lovingly holding Winston's hand, while watching hand-cuffed prisoners stare back at them
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What imagery is depicted in the beginning of Chapter 2?
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For the first time it seems, we are told about the countryside, with flowers, smells, and natural sounds, as opposed to the grey, angry life of the city
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What does the girl say about her many activities in the Anti-Sex League?
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She tells Winston she is good at games, and disguising herself and her ideas
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What is the girl's name?
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Julia
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Does the girl know Winston's name?
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Yes, both his first and last names
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What about him attracts the girl to Winston?
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Though he has five false teeth, an ulcerous sore, and is years older than her, she feels that Winston must be against "them," the Party, as she is
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What does the the smell of chocolate do to Winston?
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The smell of chocolate reminds Winston of something that happened, and foreshadows some sort of danger
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Why is Winston pleased that the girl has had other relationships prior to him?
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He hates purity and goodness, and ultimately feels that it is sexuality which will be the thing that tears the Party to pieces at the end
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The last three sentences of Chapter 2 talk about their relationship striking a blow against the Party, a political act--what is meant by this?
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Their passion for one another, their wanting of love and passion, is an act of rebellion against the Party because of the Party's desire to extinguish passion
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What is a motif?
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A recurring subject, theme, or idea in a literary work
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Why is one motif of the book a scarcity of consumer goods such as butter, razor blades, and real chocolate?
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Scarcity is common in wartime because the war effort gets most of the money and attention, and the Party justifies nearly everything it does because of the war effort
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Why is the world of the novel constantly at war?
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It is unknown this early in the book, but war appears to be too constant to in the normal course of events--we will see that the society must have an enemy to justify rationing and control of every aspect of life
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Although Julia hates the Party, why would she be considered "apolitical"?
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Her hatred for the Party is personal because they keep her from doing what she wants to do, and is more interested in evading the Party's authority than rebelling against it
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"Oranges and Lemons say the bells of..."?
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"St. Clement's"
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Why does Julia believe the Party wants to extinguish sexual activity and love-based marriage?
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She believes that people deprived of these things will make it easy to induce hysteria and war fever
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What is the difference in the way Winston and Julia appear to view the future?
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Winston believes they are doomed and already dead, while Julia seems to think they can get away with evading the Thought Police if they are lucky and careful
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What kind of significance might the song being sung by the woman outside the rented room have?
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Many think the song could refer to Winston and Julia and their relationship
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Though they know it is dangerous, why does the couple rent the room above Mr. Charrington's shop?
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They are too eager to be together that they can't resist renting the room above the shop in which to meet
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What is "doublethink" again?
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The ability to keep two seemingly-contradictory thoughts in one's head at the same time, and believe both
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What does it mean to "denounce" someone or something?
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This means that one publicly accuses someone of wrongdoing
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If the song the woman is singing outside the window has significance, what is the significance of the 2nd stanza of her song, "It Was Once a Hopeless Fancy"?
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The tone of the 2nd stanza is different, and seems to suggest that the couple will eventually be separated
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"You owe me three farthings, say the bells of..."?
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"St. Martin's"
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Since Orwell depicts such a strong reaction from Winston regarding the rat that creeps into the room, what can the reader assume?
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Winston calls rats the worst "horror in the world," which implies that rats will play an important role in the book
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What happens to Syme, the man who was working on the newest Newspeak dictionary in Part One?
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As Winston predicted, Syme has become an "unperson," and has never existed, which shows the reader that Winston has a certain level of credibility
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How does Winston begin to change as Chapter 5 continues?
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Winston has begun to become healthier, and less emotionally volatile
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What brings about the change in Winston in Chapter 5?
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Being with Julia makes Winston happy, and he becomes healthier physically
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What is significant about the change in Winston in Chapter 5?
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The change in Winston confirms the Party's fear that love does indeed make people more content and harder to control
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What happens to the outlook of both Julia and Winston in Chapter 5?
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They go from feeling sure that they are going to be caught shortly to believing the illusion that they will always be together
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Why does Julia find it plausible that Winston trusts O'Brien on the basis of a look shared by them?
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Julia makes decisions about people based on their appearances, so she doesn't find Winston's decision rash
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Why does Winston feel that Julia is in some ways far more acute than he is in regard to Party propaganda?
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Julia realizes stories about Goldstein are rubbish, that the Party invented the underground for its own purposes, and that there really is no war, which are ideas that have never occurred to Winston
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Is Julia a cynic or a realist?
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Some say she is a realist because she uses past events to predict the future, while others find her cynical because she is distrustful and disparaging
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What is the reason Winston thinks that O'Brien spoke with him?
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Winston believes that O'Brien wishes to conspire with Winston in working against the government
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How is Winston feeling at the end of Chapter 6?
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He is both frightened at what might develop between himself and O'Brien, but also pleased at the same time
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What is "pathos"?
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Pathos is something that evokes pity or compassion
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What realization does Winston have in Chapter 7 regarding the proles?
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He believes the proles are still human because they can feel, concluding this because they feel loyal to one another
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What is the one thing that Winston says is the one thing he and Julia must never do?
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Though it probably wouldn't make any difference, he and Julia must never betray one another
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Julia says that everyone confesses, and Winston responds by saying that confessing is just words--what is the important thing in his view?
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The important thing is whether the Party can make them stop loving each other, which would be a betrayal
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Julia also says in Chapter 7 that the State can make her say anything, but it cannot make her change how she feels about Winston. Is this belief brave or foolish?
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It's brave, but probably foolish, since the government completely controls everything about their lives
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What does it mean to "demur"?
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To demur is to object to something
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When the couple visits O'Brien, what does he tell them about the Brotherhood?
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The Brotherhood exists, and they are a part of it, and they will be called upon to do things which they must do without question
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What is the one thing that Winston and Julia will not do for the cause?
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They will not agree to stop seeing each other
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What is confusing about their meeting with O'Brien in Chapter 8?
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O'Brien seems to be an Inner Party loyalist, but is also seemingly completely subversive, willing to destroy the Party and Big Brother
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Is O'Brien a loyal Inner Party member or a conspirator intent on overthrowing the government?
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It is unclear, since Orwell does such a good job of portraying O'Brien and the Brotherhood that we have no idea which side he is on
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What change in the war situation in Oceania takes place in Chapter 9?
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Oceania ceases to be at war with Eurasia, and instead makes it known that they are now at war with Eastasia, and have always been at war with Eastasia
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How would you describe a totalitarian government?
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A system of government in which all aspects of people's lives are strictly controlled by their leaders
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What's in the briefcase that the man gives Winston?
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Emmanuel Goldstein's book about the Brotherhood
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Why is the item in the briefcase important to Winston?
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O'Brien promised the book to Winston, and it is a sort of bible of the Brotherhood
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For what reasons does Goldstein say that the superpowers prefer continuous war to peace?
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They need war to use up the surplus of goods, and it is important to those in power that consumer goods are scarce
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Why does Goldstein say in his manifesto that no power believes that total victory is possible, even though each superpower speaks about it as if it is?
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It is not possible because each superpower has too much land area to ever be beaten, and there is no real reason to conquer one another, since each power has enough markets and raw materials already
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What are the three social classes in this society?
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The Inner Party, the Outer Party, and the proles
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For what reason does Goldstein say that it is important for an artificial scarcity of goods to exist?
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The scarcity of goods enables the existence of inequality among the three social classes
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Why does the Party believe there must be a scarcity of goods?
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The Machine Age of the 40s could provide an abundance for all, which would make everyone equal, and it became necessary to have wars to cause scarcities that would then ensure inequality
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The war being waged against another superpower is not the real war, according to Goldstein--what is the real war?
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The war Oceania and the other superpowers are waging against their own citizens to keep them in line is the real war
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What is Goldstein's theory about the new aristocracy?
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Wealthy landowners and capitalists who owned the factories were the old aristocracy, while the new aristocracy is formed by the bureaucrats and scientists who have all the power and wealth of the government in their hands
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Who does Goldstein say Big Brother is?
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He is not a person, but a guise that the Party chooses to show to its citizens to give them someone concrete on whom to focus their love, fear, and reverence
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What does Goldstein say holds the ruling members of the Party together?
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The Party doctrine holds the Party together, rather than blood or kin
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To what does Goldstein compare the Inner Party?
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He compares the Party to the Catholic Church because it has endured based on its doctrine, rather than ruling families that have eventually faded
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Why does Orwell include this long and idea-based chapter in the book at this point?
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These chapters from Goldstein's book is critical to the understanding of the reader, and also gives Orwell a chance to explain his own socialistic views
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What are truncheons?
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Clubs used to beat or otherwise subdue criminals or prisoners
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What does Winston admire about the prole washerwoman?
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Her strength and endurance as she manages her life, which is filled with human emotions
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The prole washerwoman again leads Winston to believe that sooner or later the proles will overthrow the government--does this seem likely?
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They do make up 85% of the population of Oceania, but the Party is very powerful, and it's hard to say whether this is something that could really happen or not
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Why does it seem appropriate for Chapter 10 to begin with the singing of the two verses of the song?
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The events of this chapter seem to prove their affair is a hopeless fancy, and they will end up being separated
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What might the shattering of the coral encased in glass dome be symbolic of?
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The paperweight is an antique thing of beauty that represents the tranquil life they had in the room, but both are now shattered
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Why does it make perfect sense that Charrington ends up being a member of the Thought Police?
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His shop is the ideal setup to trap dissidents, and he seems harmless and innocent, a necessary quality of a member of the Thought Police
