Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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The hardest of all substances
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diamond
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The rarest gemstone
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ruby
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Scientists who study minerals
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mineralogists
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The brown or black rocklike substance used for fuel
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coal
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Oil in its natural state is called crude oil or
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petroleum
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The preserved remains of plants or animals are called
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fossils
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Person who explores caves
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spelunker
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Used in plaster of Paris
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gypsum
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Easily broken into flat sheets
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mica
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"Mud Ball" filled with crystals inside
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geode
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Used in pencils
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graphite
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Used for arrow heads
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flint
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Best conductor of electricity
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silver
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Most useful metal
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iron
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Metal that is liquid at room temperature
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mercury
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Radioactive metal used as a source of nuclear power
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uranium
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Lightweight, silvery colored, rustproof metal
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aluminum
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Two types of weathering
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chemical and physical
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Three types of rocks
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igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
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Examples of igneous rocks
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obsidian, pumice, granite, basalt
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Examples of sedimentary rocks
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limestone, shale, sandstone
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Examples of metamorphic rocks
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marble, slate
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Scientist who studies the earth
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geologist
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Name the four layers of the earth
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crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
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Is the crust solid, liquid, or both?
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solid
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Is the mantle solid, liquid, or both?
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both
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Is the outer core solid, liquid, or both?
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liquid
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Is the inner core solid, liquid, or both?
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solid
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Molten rock in the earth's mantle
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magma
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Decaying plant and animal material found in the soil
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humus
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Very durable artificial rock
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concrete
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This rock smells like mud when it is wet
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shale
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Rock used to make chalkboards
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slate
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All minerals form a special kind of solid called a
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crystal
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Rare, beautiful minerals that are very hard but have not yet been polished
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gemstones
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Underground spring that shoots streams of boiling water and steam up into the air from time to time
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geyser
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Plant and animal remains that have turned to stone are called
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petrified fossils
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Fossils that form when mud buries a plant or animal and them quickly hardens around it
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mold fossils
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Scientist who studies fossils
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paleontologist
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Most fossils were probably formed
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During Noah's Flood
