MAN FINAL 2 – Flashcards
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Which of the following statements relative to the theory and practice of management is TRUE? a. Academic theories have little application in business because they are not grounded in reality. b. The value of theory is that it provides a systematic framework for management activities. c. Theory is, by definition, very abstract and quite difficult to understand. d. Managers never develop their own theories of how to run an organization. e. Management theories tend to be mutually exclusive.
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The value of theory is that it provides a systematic framework for management activities.
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____ management focuses on the work of individuals. a. Administrative b. Behavioral c. Human relations d. Scientific e. Contingency
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SCIENTIFIC
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Scientific management evolved at the dawn of the twentieth century because a. labor was in abundant supply. b. worker efficiency was low. c. capital was in short supply. d. information was rapidly changing. e. piecework pay systems were not working.
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worker efficiency was low.
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A manager who wants to use the principles of scientific management will a. emphasize time and motion studies. b. need a deep understanding of worker needs and feelings. c. not be required to closely supervise his or her subordinates. d. never actually increase worker productivity. e. not have to carefully select and train his or her employees.
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emphasize time and motion studies.
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Life guards at Water Works pool also teach swim lessons. If they need to miss a lesson they do not get paid, instead the substitute instructor gets the money. This is a form of a. increased efficiency. b. a piecework pay system. c. soldiering. d. Theory X. e. Theory Y.
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a piecework pay system.
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The plant manager for an electronics manufacturer is often heard saying that the way to motivate workers is to provide them with attractive wage and benefit packages. What school of thought does his view reflect? a. Quantitative b. Behavioral c. Classical d. Contingency e. Systems
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CLASSICAL
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Chester Barnard, former president of New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, made notable contributions to management regarding a. individual job efficiency. b. legitimate authority. c. management processes. d. dynamic organizations. e. individual rights and liberties.
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legitimate authority.
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A Gantt chart is a a. listing of the steps required to complete a job. b. method for developing employee wage systems. c. device used in doing time and motion studies. d. checklist used in equipment maintenance. e. means of scheduling individual work or whole projects.
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means of scheduling individual work or whole projects.
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____ focuses on the management of the entire firm as opposed to the jobs of individual workers. a. Management science b. The contingency theory c. Administrative management d. The bureaucratic perspective e. Scientific management
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Administrative management
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Contributions of the classical perspective include all of the following EXCEPT a. laid the foundation for later developments in management theory. b. appropriate for dynamic organizations. c. identified important management processes and functions. d. identified important management skills. e. focused attention on management as a valid subject of scientific inquiry.
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appropriate for dynamic organizations.
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Limitations of the classical perspective include all of the following EXCEPT a. more appropriate for stable organizations. b. more appropriate for simple organizations. c. more appropriate for dynamic organizations. d. often prescribed universal procedures that are not appropriate in some settings. e. even though some writers were concerned with the human element, many viewed employees as tools rather than resources.
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more appropriate for dynamic organizations.
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Contemporary organization theory has its roots in a. Weber's work on bureaucracy. b. Fayol's 14 principles of management. c. Barnard's work on acceptance of authority. d. Taylor's work on job design. e. Gilbreth's work in time and motion studies.
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Weber's work on bureaucracy.
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Barnard's theory on the acceptance of managerial authority states that a. supervisors have inherent authority. b. supervisors have charismatic authority. c. if subordinates view a supervisor's directive as appropriate to organizational goals, they will accept his or her authority. d. so long as subordinates are able to comply with a supervisor's directives, they will accept his or her authority. e. supervisors have no authority unless subordinates are willing to grant it to them.
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supervisors have no authority unless subordinates are willing to grant it to them.
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A law firm actually billed the mother of an employee who died almost $20,000 for work that was required to settle the son's pending cases. The organization considers itself to be more important than the individual. This example deals with one of the drawbacks to the use of the ____ perspective of management. a. human resource b. behavioral c. classical d. contingency e. industrial psychology
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classical
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Industrial psychology is the practice of applying a. psychology in the industrial revolution. b. psychology to worker motivation and selection. c. efficiency measures to psychological output. d. statistical measures to psychological output. e. industrial advancements to medical research.
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psychology to worker motivation and selection.
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Which of the following statements characterizes the thinking that emerged from the Hawthorne studies? a. If jobs are properly designed and proper incentives provided, predictable results will follow. b. Workers will perform their jobs as they are told to and will maximize their output so as to increase their pay. c. Concern for the worker will lead to greater worker satisfaction, which will then lead to increased output. d. Workers generally dislike work and need to be closely supervised to ensure adequate productivity. e. People are motivated primarily by money.
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Concern for the worker will lead to greater worker satisfaction, which will then lead to increased output.
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Which of the following statements about the Hawthorne studies is FALSE? a. The Hawthorne studies initiated work in the human relations movement. b. The Hawthorne studies indicated the need to consider the social aspects of the organization. c. The Hawthorne studies showed that group norms exert a powerful influence on the members of a group. d. The Hawthorne studies confirmed that incentive pay plans are an effective means of increasing production. e. The Hawthorne studies found that money cannot be used as a motivator for workers.
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The Hawthorne studies confirmed that incentive pay plans are an effective means of increasing production.
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the human relations view of management? a. U.S. productivity exceeds that of any other country. b. Highly paid workers will be more productive. c. Groups are NOT as productive as the same number of individuals working independently. d. Happy workers are productive workers. e. Minorities and women are equally productive to white males.
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Happy workers are productive workers.
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When Pregna was a student she liked school, worked hard, and experienced success. As a high school teacher she assumed her students would feel the same way. A student observed that Pregna acted like a Theory Y manager. That would mean that Pregna a. believes that people do not like to work. b. is constantly directing a student that wants to avoid taking responsibility. c. will often threaten her students to get them to work toward school goals. d. believes that people naturally like work. e. all of these choices depending on the situation.
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believes that people naturally like work.
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Howard Weaver manages MacLean Insurance Agency. An employee observed that Weaver acted like a Theory X manager. That would mean that Weaver believes a. that people prefer to be directed. b. in the contingency approach to management. c. in the importance of TQM. d. that people are committed to goals. e. that people naturally seek out work.
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that people prefer to be directed.
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Theory X managers believe workers are a. happy. b. lucky. c. lazy. d. needy. e. committed.
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lazy
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When a manufacturing plant uses mathematical models to plan production schedules and to schedule equipment maintenance, it is drawing on a. scientific management. b. administrative management. c. management science. d. TQM. e. the contingency approach.
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management science.
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Operations management is concerned with a. the application of various processes and systems used by an organization. b. systems created to store and provide information for managerial decision making. c. the scientific analysis of the work elements of a job. d. the development of mathematical and statistical tools and techniques for managerial decision making. e. None of these choices
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the application of various processes and systems used by an organization.
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____ management techniques do not account for individual behaviors and attitudes. a. Scientific b. Administrative c. Systems d. Human relations e. Quantitative
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Quantitative
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What are the two branches of quantitative management? a. Scientific management and administrative management b. Theory X and Theory Y c. Contingency theory and systems theory d. Human relations and organizational behavior e. Management science and operations management
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Management science and operations management
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Which two managerial functions utilize quantitative management the most? a. Controlling and organizing b. Planning and organizing c. Organizing and leading d. Controlling and planning e. Leading and controlling
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Leading and controlling
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Limitations of the quantitative management perspective include all of the following EXCEPT a. difficult to apply. b. cannot fully explain or predict the behavior of people in organizations. c. mathematical sophistication may come at the expense of other important skills. d. models may require unrealistic assumptions. e. models may require unfounded assumptions.
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difficult to apply.
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Which of the following statements describes the inherent strength in the quantitative management theory? a. The quantitative management theory provides numerous decision-making tools and techniques. b. The quantitative management theory has realistic assumptions that permit close approximations of organizational processes. c. The quantitative management theory has allowed accurate modeling of individual behaviors and attitudes. d. The quantitative management theory enhances development of other management skills. e. None of these choices
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The quantitative management theory provides numerous decision-making tools and techniques.
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____ help managers integrate and enlarge their understanding of the three principal schools of management thought. a. Administrative management and scientific management b. Systems theory and contingency theory c. The human relations movement and organizational behavior d. Management science and operations management e. Scientific management and bureaucratic management
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Systems theory and contingency theory
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Multiplex Cinemas is a theater with 14 viewing rooms. It employs 50 people. Using the systems theory, it would be classified as a. an entropic system. b. a subsystem. c. either a system or a subsystem depending on the frame of reference. d. either an open or a closed system depending on the frame of reference. e. a closed system.
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either a system or a subsystem depending on the frame of reference.
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A new animated children's show does not even get presented to executives unless the merchandising is lined up. The executives are looking for a(n) a. open system. b. closed system. c. subsystem. d. synergy. e. entropy.
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synergy.
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The ____ stresses the importance of environmental influences on the organization. a. quantitative management theory b. open system concept c. behavioral management theory d. human relations movement e. concept of synergy
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open system concept
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Harley-Davidson puts its brand on everything from motorcycles to toys and clothes. It is benefiting from a. equifinality. b. synergy. c. entropy. d. a closed system. e. subsystem interdependence.
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synergy.
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The United States Postal Service has been losing money for years. Social media have created many alternatives for communication. The Postal Service's decline is an example of a. closed system inversion. b. open system thinking. c. synergy. d. subsystem failure. e. entropy.
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entropy.
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Newspaper circulation had been declining for years. TLC cable station aired the show Extreme Couponing that shows cutting coupons from newspaper advertisements. Suddenly demand for newspapers changed course. Newspapers are benefiting from the ____ created by retailers putting coupons in the advertisements. a. synergy b. closed system inversion c. entropy d. subsystem enhancement e. open system conversion.
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entropy
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Edward Bingaman was overheard telling one of his friends, "You always think there is one way to solve a problem. It just doesn't work that way. You have to use your head and try different approaches under different circumstances." What management theory is Bingaman advocating? a. Systems theory b. Organizational behavior c. Administrative management d. Quantitative management e. Contingency theory
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Contingency theory
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Abercrombie and Fitch is expanding its international operations. It needs to consider all of the following challenges EXCEPT a. property ownership rights. b. infrastructure. c. government regulation. d. cultural differences. e. stagnant work environment.
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stagnant work environment.
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The ____ of businesses has increased diversity in many organizations. a. globalization b. emphasis on quality c. service-orientation d. technological-orientation e. critical mass
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globalization
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To obtain greater flexibility and to respond more quickly to the environment, organizations are adopting a. technology-free structures. b. flat structures. c. the traditional bureaucratic approach to management. d. a TQM philosophy. e. tall structures.
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flat structures.
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To obtain greater flexibility and to respond more quickly to the environment, organizations are adopting a. technology-free structures. b. flat structures. c. the traditional bureaucratic approach to management. d. a TQM philosophy. e. tall structures.
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flat structures.
