APES waste management and recycling notes – Flashcards
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List the current criteria required by the government for landfills
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Cant pollute surface or ground water Double lined system
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Lost the 5 items that are not allowed in a landfill
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Oil Tires Anti-freeze Ac coolants And lead acid batteries
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If u wabt to start a compost pile what do u need for it?
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Grass clippings,leaves,in sunlight,fertilizer,water, and air
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Most waste generated in the US is what?
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1/2 organic material
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What % of all waste paper is recycled in N. Americawhat about in the US?
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20% and 40%
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What % of all glass is recycled?
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36%
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PET
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Soft drink bottles; pb jars
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HDPE
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Milk jugs, margerine containers
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PVC
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Shampoo and cooking oil bottles
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LDPE
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Shopping bags, shrink wrap
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PP
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Yogurt, straws, bottlecaps
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PS
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Styrofoam, packing peanuts
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Integrated waste management
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Set of management alternatives tht include recycling
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Does recycling work?
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Yes, has resulted in glutted markets and sometimes requires stock piling
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Can human waste b recycled?
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Yes it can be used in croplands
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On site disposal
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Mechanical grinding of food waste
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Composting
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Biochemical decomposition
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Incineration
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Combustable waste is burned
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Open dumps
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Landfill
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Sanitary landfill
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Designed 2 concentrate and contain w/o creating nuisance
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What must be taken into account when siting a landfill?
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Topography, location of ground water table, amount of precipitation, type of soil and rock
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Leachate
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Noxious mineralized liquid capable of causing bacterial pollution
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What environmental and human health risks with landfills
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Accidental spills, fiees, explosions, illegal discharge of waste or chemicals
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How do pollutants enter environment from solid waste disposal sites?
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Methane , ammonia, or hydrogen sulfide can be produced; runoff can pick up leachate; plants can take up heavy metals
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Hazardous waste
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Hazardous chemical waste lots of illegal dumping
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Alternatives to land disposal of hazardous waste
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Treatment of waste, reused, reclaimed
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Pronlems with ocean dumping
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Death and retarded growth, reduce dissolved h2o, eutrophication
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Pollution prevention
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Purchase proper amount of materials, better management of materials, substitute nontoxic materials, improved engineering
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What happens to waste in a natural ecosystem
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Cycles through ecosystem
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Watse stream
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Sum total of waste produced by the world
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Ag. Waste
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Plant material, manure, pesticides
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Mining waste
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Ore, gravel, and waste water
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Industrial waste
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Leftover materials and waste chemicals
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Municipal solid
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Garbage frm households, businesses, schools, etc.
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Biodegradable waste
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Naturally decomposes
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Non degradable waste
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Cant decompose (synthetic)
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Largest portion of U.S municipal solid waste?
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42% paper
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Incineration
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Burning of solid waste
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How much does incineration reduce waste
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70%
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Refuse derived fuel
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Sorted to remove recyclable and unburnable material
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Benefits to recycling
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Less expensive Reduce soace 4 landfills Lowers demand 4 raw resources Reduces energy consumption
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Potential problems with recycling
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Market prices fluctuate wildly
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Composting
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Biological degradation of organic material under aerobic conditions
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Cheapest and effective way of dealing with waste
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Not produce it at all
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Integrated waste management
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Arranges all of the strategies of dealing with msw from top to bottom
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Management strategies (preferred on top)
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Reduction Reuse Compost Incineration Landfill
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5 criteria to ID hazardous waste
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Fatal to humans or lab animals in low doses Toxic to humans or life forms Ignitable with flashpoint less than 60°C Corrosive Explosive
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Resource conservation and recovery act of 1976
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(Love canal) require the proper treatment and storage of hazardous waste must also track and account 4 waste
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CERCLA "superfund"
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Responsibility and liability act aimed at rapid containment, cleanup, or remidiation. Anyone associated with site can be responsible
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Basel convention
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Banned export of hazardous waste (1994)
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Half life
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Amount of time needed for 1/2 the material to decay into smaller non radioactive elements
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Where are depleted fuel rods stored initially
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Put in cool h2o
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Where are rod placed long term?
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Keep on site placed in dry cask storage
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Composting
answer
Biochemical decomposition
question
Incineration
answer
Combustable waste is burned
question
Open dumps
answer
Landfill
question
Sanitary landfill
answer
Designed 2 concentrate and contain w/o creating nuisance
question
What must be taken into account when siting a landfill?
answer
Topography, location of ground water table, amount of precipitation, type of soil and rock
question
Leachate
answer
Noxious mineralized liquid capable of causing bacterial pollution
question
What environmental and human health risks with landfills
answer
Accidental spills, fiees, explosions, illegal discharge of waste or chemicals
question
How do pollutants enter environment from solid waste disposal sites?
answer
Methane , ammonia, or hydrogen sulfide can be produced; runoff can pick up leachate; plants can take up heavy metals
question
Hazardous waste
answer
Hazardous chemical waste lots of illegal dumping
question
Alternatives to land disposal of hazardous waste
answer
Treatment of waste, reused, reclaimed
question
Pronlems with ocean dumping
answer
Death and retarded growth, reduce dissolved h2o, eutrophication
question
Pollution prevention
answer
Purchase proper amount of materials, better management of materials, substitute nontoxic materials, improved engineering
question
What happens to waste in a natural ecosystem
answer
Cycles through ecosystem
question
Watse stream
answer
Sum total of waste produced by the world
question
Ag. Waste
answer
Plant material, manure, pesticides
question
Mining waste
answer
Ore, gravel, and waste water
question
Industrial waste
answer
Leftover materials and waste chemicals
question
Municipal solid
answer
Garbage frm households, businesses, schools, etc.
question
Biodegradable waste
answer
Naturally decomposes
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Non degradable waste
answer
Cant decompose (synthetic)
question
Largest portion of U.S municipal solid waste?
answer
42% paper
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Incineration
answer
Burning of solid waste
question
How much does incineration reduce waste
answer
70%
question
Refuse derived fuel
answer
Sorted to remove recyclable and unburnable material
question
Benefits to recycling
answer
Less expensive Reduce soace 4 landfills Lowers demand 4 raw resources Reduces energy consumption
question
Potential problems with recycling
answer
Market prices fluctuate wildly
question
Composting
answer
Biological degradation of organic material under aerobic conditions
question
Cheapest and effective way of dealing with waste
answer
Not produce it at all
question
Integrated waste management
answer
Arranges all of the strategies of dealing with msw from top to bottom
question
Management strategies (preferred on top)
answer
Reduction Reuse Compost Incineration Landfill
question
5 criteria to ID hazardous waste
answer
Fatal to humans or lab animals in low doses Toxic to humans or life forms Ignitable with flashpoint less than 60°C Corrosive Explosive
question
Resource conservation and recovery act of 1976
answer
(Love canal) require the proper treatment and storage of hazardous waste must also track and account 4 waste
question
CERCLA "superfund"
answer
Responsibility and liability act aimed at rapid containment, cleanup, or remidiation. Anyone associated with site can be responsible
question
Basel convention
answer
Banned export of hazardous waste (1994)
question
Half life
answer
Amount of time needed for 1/2 the material to decay into smaller non radioactive elements
question
Where are depleted fuel rods stored initially
answer
Put in cool h2o
question
Where are rod placed long term?
answer
Keep on site placed in dry cask storage
