MIS 320 WWU – Flashcards
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Moore's Law
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A law created by Gordon Moore, stating that the number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months. Moore's prediction has proved generally accurate in the 40 years since it was made every 18 months.
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Abstract reasoning
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the ability to make and manipulate models
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Systems Thinking
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the mental activity of making one or more models of the components of a system and connecting the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole, one that explains the phenomenon
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Collaboration
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a group of people working together to achieve a common goal via a process of feedback and iteration
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Experimentation
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A careful and reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential products or solutions or applications of technology and then developing those ideas that seem to have the most promise, consistent with the resources you have
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Management information systems (MIS)
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The development and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies
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Systems
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A group of components that interact to achieve some purpose
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Information systems (IS)
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A group of hardware, software, data, procedure and people components that interact to produce information
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Five-component framework
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The five fundamental components of an information system- computer, hardware, software, data, procedures and people- that are present in every information system from the simplest to the most complex
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Computer hardware
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Electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, store and communicate data according to be instructions encoded in computer programs or software.
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Software
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Instructions for computers. One of the five fundamental components of information systems
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Data
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Recorded facts or figures.
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Procedures
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Instructions for humans
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People
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As part of the five-component framework, one of the five fundamental components of an information system; includes those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, those who support the networks and those who use the system
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Computer-Based information systems
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An information system that includes a compuer
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Information Technology (IT)
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The products, methods, interventions and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information
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Information
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(1) Knowledge derived from data, where data is defined as recorder facts or figures. (2) data presented in a meaningful context. (3) data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, comparing or other similar operations. (4) a difference that makes a difference
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Computers-in-a-product
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Computer capabilities embedded within common consumer products
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Strong Password
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A password with the following characteristics: 9 or more characters, does not contain the users user name, real name, or company name; does not contain a complete dictionary word, in any language, is different from the user's previous passwords; contains both upper and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters
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Cooperation
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A group of people working together; all performing the same type of work, to accomplish a job
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Operational decisions
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Decisions that concern the day-to-day activities of an organization
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Managerial decisions
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Decisions that concern the allocation and use of resources
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Strategic decisions
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Decisions that concern broad-scope, organizational issues
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Structured decision
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A type of decision for which there is a formalized and accepted method for making the decision
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Unstructured decision
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A type of decision for which there is no agreed on decision making method
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Problem
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A perceived difference between what is and what ought to be
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Collaboration information systems
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An information system that supports collaboration
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Project data
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Data that is part of a collaboration's work product
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Project metadata
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Data that is used to manage a project. Schedules, tasks, budgets and other managerial data are examples
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Collaboration tool
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The program component of a collaboration system. For the tool to be useful, it must exist as part of an information system having the other four components of an information system.
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Synchronous communication
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Information exchange that occurs when all members of a work team meet at the same time, such as face-to-face meetings or conference calls
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Asynchronous communication
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Information exchange that occurs when all members of a work team do not met at the same time, such as those who work different shifts or in a different location
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Virtual meetings
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Meetings in which participants do not meet in the same place and possibly not at the same time
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Screen-sharing applications
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Applications that offer users the ability to view the same whiteboard application or other display over a network
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Webinar
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A virtual meeting in which attendees can view a common presentation and possibily each other on computer screens
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Microsoft Lync
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A Microsoft product that supports collaboration communication including IM, voice, videoconferencing, screen sharing and whiteboards
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Email
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A form of asynchronous communication in which participants send comments and attachments electronically. As a form of group communication, it can be disorganized, disconnected and easy to hid from.
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Discussion forums
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Forms of asynchronous communication in which one group member posts an entry and other group members respond. A better form of group communication than email, because it is more difficult for one person to monopolize the discussion or for the discussion to go off track
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Team surveys
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Forms of asynchronous communication in which one team member creates a list of questions and other team members respond. Microsoft SharePoint has built-in survey capability
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File server
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A computer that stores filies
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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A layer-5 TCP/IP sprotocol used to copy filies form one computer to another over the internet
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Version Management
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Tracking of changes to documents by means of features and functions that accommodate concurrent work. the means by which version management is done depend on the particular version-management system used; three such systems are wikis, google drive and windows live SkyDrive
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Google Drive
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A free thin-client application for sharing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings and other types of data. Includes version tracking formerly known as Google docs.
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Windows Live SkyDrive
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A cloud-based file storage location supported by Microsoft that provides free file storage and web versions of word, excel, powerpoint and one note
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Version Control
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(1) Use of software to control access to and configuration of documents, designs and other electronic versions of products. (2) the process that occurs when the collaboration tool limits and sometimes even directs user activity.
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Libraries
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In version-control collaboration systems, shared directories that allow access to various documents by means of permissions
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Workflow control
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Use of information systems to monitor that execution of a work team's processes; to ensure that action are taken at appropriate times and to prohibit the skippinf of steps or tasks
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Power Curve
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A graph that shows the relationship of the power (the utility that one gains from a software product) as a function of the time using that product
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Quick Launch
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A partial list of resources contained within a SharePoint site.
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Five Forces Model
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Model, proposed by Michael Porter, that assesses industry characteristics and profitability to means of five competitive forces- bargaining power of suppliers, threat of substitution, bargaining power of customers, rivalry among firms and threat of new entrants
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Competitive Strategy
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The strategy an organization chooses as the way it will succeed in its industry. According to Porter, there are four fundamental competitive strategies: cost leadership across an industry or within a particular industry segment and differentiation across an industry or within a particular industry segment
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Support Activites
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In Porter's value chain model, the activities that contribute indirectly to value creation: procurement, technology, human resources and the firms infrastructure
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Margin
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The difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost of the activity
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Value Chain
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Is a network of value-creating activities
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Linkages
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Which are interactions across value activities
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Business Process
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(1) A network of activities, resources, facilities and information that interact to achieve some business function; sometimes called a business system. (2) A network of activites that generate value by transforming inputs into outputs
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Activity
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A business function that receives inputs and produces outputs. An activity can be performed by a human, by a computer system or by both
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Repository
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Is a collection of something; a database is repository of data, a raw material repository is inventory of raw materials
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Business Process Management (BPM)
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A systematic process of modeling, creating, implementing and assessing business processes
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Switching Costs
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Business strategy of locking in customers by making it difficult or expensive to change to another product or supplier
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Value
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The amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resources, product or service
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Database
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A self-describing collection of integrated records
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Byte
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(1) Character of data (2) 8-bit chunks of data
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Columns
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Also called fields, or group of bytes. A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity
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Fields
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Also called columns, groups of bytes in a database table. A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity
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Rows
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Also called records, group of columns in a database table
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Records
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Also called rows, groups of columns in a database table
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Table
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Also called files, groups of similar rows or records in a database
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File
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A group of similar rows or records. In a database, sometimes called a table
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Key
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(1) A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. (2) A number used to encrypt data. The encryption algorithm applies the key to the original message to produce the coded message. decoding (decrypting) a message is similar, a key is applied to the coded message to recover the original text.
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Primary Key
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A column in a relation whose value identify a unique row of that relation
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Foreign Key
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A column or group of columns used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match of the primary key in a differ (foreign) table
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Relational Databases
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Databases that store data in the form of relations (tables with certain restrictions) and that represents relationships using foreign keys
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Relation
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The more formal name for a database table
