Database Management System Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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data
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raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user
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information
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the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning
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knowledge
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the body of information and facts about a specific subject
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data management
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a process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. common functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing
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database
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a shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata
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database management system (DBMS)
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the collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database
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data inconsistency
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a condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results
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query
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a question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. a specific request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS
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ad hoc query
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a "spur-of-the-moment" question
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query result set
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the collection of data rows returned by a query
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data quality
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a comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data
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single-user database
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a database that supports only one user at a time
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desktop database
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a single-user database that runs on a personal computer
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multiuser database
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a database that supports multiple concurrent users
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workgroup database
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a multiuser database that usually suports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization
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enterprise database
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the overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs
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centralized database
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a database located at a single site
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distributed database
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a logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites
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cloud database
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a database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS
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general-purpose database
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a database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines
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discipline-specific database
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a database that contains data focused on specific subject areas
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operational database
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a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations
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analytical database
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a database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making
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data warehouse
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a specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support
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online analytical processing (OLAP)
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a set of tools that provide advanced data analysis for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse
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business intelligence
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a set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data to support business decision making
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unstructured data
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data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected
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structured data
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data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation
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semistructured data
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data that has already been processed to some extent
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Extensible Markup Language (XML)
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a metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements. permits the manipulation of a document's data elements
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XML database
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a database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data
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social media
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web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions
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NoSQL
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a new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model
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database design
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the process that yields the description of the database structure and determines the database components. the second phase of the Database Life Cycle
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data processing (DP) specialist
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the person responsible for developing and managing a computerized file processing system
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field
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a character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. used to define and store data
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record
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a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing
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file
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a collection of related records
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structural dependence
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a data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs
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structural independence
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a data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access
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data dependence
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a data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics
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data independence
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a condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics
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logical data format
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the way a person views data within the context of a problem domain
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physical data format
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the way a computer "sees" (stores) data
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islands of information
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in the old file system environment, pools of independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by different departments
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data redundancy
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exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places
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data integrity
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in a relational database, a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints
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data anomaly
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a data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database
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database system
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an organization of components that defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database environment
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data dictionary
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a DBMS component that stores metadata - data about data. contains data definitions as well as data characteristics and relationships. may also include data that is external to the DBMS
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performance tuning
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activities that make a database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed
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query language
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a nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to manipulate its data
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
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a powerful and flexible relational database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and data administration, and query the database to extract useful information
