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sport defined

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council of europe- any form of physical activity which through casual or organized participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels

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management vs administration

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interchangeable

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product type model

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sport performance, sport production, sport promotion

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economic impact model

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entertainment product organization

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sport activity model

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production of sport activities and trade

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unique aspects of sport management

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sport marketing, sport enterprise, and financial structure, sport interesting career paths

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future challenges in sports management

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technology, ethics and social responsibility, and globalization of sport

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most graduates

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are unemployed 1 million people from ages 16-24, only 30 percent have jobs prior to graduating

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pro attitude

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personal appearance, adjustment to work place, and business etiquette/ accepting adversity writing thank you notes

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business etiquete

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telephone calls, language, gender neutral, be early for meetings, dining etiquette, international experience, introductions, office etiquete, no romantic relationships

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career decision steps

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self awareness, occupation exploration, decision making, and career implementation(resume, interviews)

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values

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indicators of what you consider most important or desirable

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interest

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are activities that you enthusiastically engage in and find enjoyable and subjects that arouse your curiosity or hold your attention

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skills

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a skill if the developed aptitude, ability, or personal quality needed to perform a task competently

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job content

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the specialized knowledge or abilities needed to fulfill specific job duties

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functional skill

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general abilities that transfer to many jobs or situations

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adaptive skill

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personal attributes or personality traits.

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1st and most successful sporting goods company

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ag spalding and brothers

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vertical integration

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a companies expansion by moving forward and backward within a company

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horizontal integration

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occurs when a company adds new products and services to its organizational structure

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diversification

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the act of adding new products to the company's product mix

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promotional skills

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Public relations experts can help sales staff improve their communication skills with customers, aid a marketing team in promoting a brand, and make sure a company is sharing the right information with customers.

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brand management

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brand management is the analysis and planning on how that brand is perceived in the market. Developing a good relationship with the target market is essential for brand management.

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watershed events

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cause significant change-(bicycle craze)

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decentralized organization

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act of developing separate divisions sub companies or departments that focus on certain tasks or products of the company and can be run autonomously

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in 1898

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312 companies manufacturing bikes

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market share

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ranked position in a market determined by the percentage of a companies product sales in that market

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age of organization

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period of time the 1880s and 1890s during which companies begin to organize and market sport to specific markets

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battle of the sexes

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a tenis match between billie jean king and bobby riggs= king beats riggs

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1880-1890

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79 companies began to produce sporting goods

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middle class white male

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targeted the hardest, 2nd is white boys

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babe ruth

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autographed Louisville slugger became lead seller for h and b

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world war increased attractiveness of sport

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military training, demand increased, nurture manly traits

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only English classes offered

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more than pe

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organization

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society entity created to coordinate the efforts of individuals with the intent to achieve goals

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economies of scale

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savings originating from the mass production of goods and sevices

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economies of scope

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max of resources used throughout the organization = by producing more than one product your cost will go down

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process by which organizations achieve goals

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inputs+transform=outputs

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types of sport organizations

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public, non profit, commercial

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2 oranizational enviroment categories

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general and specific

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specific

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or task environment includes stakeholders, internal and external to the organizations

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effectiveness

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the extent to which it achieves its goals= focus on results

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efficiency

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achievement of goals using minimum resources= focuses on activities

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scientific management

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increase output more you do more rewards

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human relation management

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concerned for employers then they will work harder

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administrative management

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hands on manger takes care of entire organization

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classification of managers

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top level= senior worked way up, not really responsible, mid level= administrators responsible for employees below , supervisory= first line, responsible for employees in a department

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leadership

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behavioral process through which one person influences the behaviors of others in the accomplishment of shared goals

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authoritative or visionary

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moves people toward a new vision often serves as a catalyst for change

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democratic or participate

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involves others in decision making process values their input

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laissez fare

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delegates connects people with each other motivates

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pacesetting

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sets him standards for performance if expectations are too high and unending the pressure to perform becomes negative

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decision making

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problem, criteria for decision, evaluating alternatives, selecting an alternative, implementing alternative, evaluating effectiveness

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legitimate power

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top level is source

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reward power

answer

person who provides employees with rewards has power

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coercive power

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person in organization who provides sanctions, punishments, or threats to employees has power

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referent power

answer

power stems from charisma, charm, and appeal

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expert power

answer

knowledge and skills that are perceived as valuable in a particular situation

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information power

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person who has access to information

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sports marketing and marketing agencies

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a business that acts on behalf of a sport entity involved in the sport industry

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full service agencies

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full range of services, strategic planning and sponsorship, event management and contract negation marketing and evaluation activities. ex IMG

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general agencies

answer

integrated approach development of client programs, corporate consulting and property marketing, hospitality and event management. ex 16w

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in house

answer

departments that perform sport functions on behalf of the parent company, have only one client themselves, functions as gatekeepers in reviewing opportunities

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careers in sports marketing agencies

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diverse and challenging, entry requirements, educational background, required skill.

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market economic challenges in the marketplace

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economic meltdown, sponsorship might change, weakening economy

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sports sociology

answer

a subdisicpline of sociology involving the study sports as sports phenomenon

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sports sociologists

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rely on sociological theories and concepts, examine social patterns structures and institutions

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social significance of sport

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sport influences almost every aspect of our lives, sport industry is huge 77 billion a year, sports hold a prominent place in our society, consumption and participation of sport

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socialization

answer

the way in which society values their attitudes and beliefs are passed down from generation

question

women receive 47 percent of

answer

scholarships

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women in position of leadership

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before 1972 more than 90 percent of all head coaches in women athletics were female, in 2012 that figure is just 43.9 percent

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before title 9 the vast majority

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more than 90 percent of all athletic director positions throughout women intercollegiate sports. in 2012 however they accounted for only 20 percent of these same administrative

question

female athletes make up approximately

answer

40 percent of all sport participants, they receive significantly less coverage than their male counterparts on average only receiving only 3 percent to to 4 percent of the total sports coverage

question

rooney rule

answer

2002- head job open have to bring one minority group

question

stacking

answer

minority groups are steered away from specific positions

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race logic

answer

an attributional pattern of athletic success in which black athletes successes are attributed to natural athletic abilities and genetic advantage and white athletes achievements are attributed to discipline, intelligence, and hard work.

question

tourism

answer

leave home and stay in this place less than a year

question

active

answer

go somewhere and actually participate to do something cruises adventure tourism, golf skiing

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nastalgia

answer

travel somewhere for sentimental reason (is relatively underdeveloped area of study growing in popularity scholars need to pay more attention

question

networking

answer

the building up or maintaining of informal relationships, especially with people who could bring advantages such as job or business opportunities

question

organizational culture

answer

workplace values, norms, and behaviors that produce patterns of behavior unique to an organization

question

discretionary funds

answer

money left over after necessary expenditures rent, food, car have been made

question

principal decision making

answer

basing decisions on the six pillars of character- trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and good citizenship

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field experience

answer

is typically referred to as an internship, but it may include cooperative work experiences or practicum experiences. allows students to observe and assist professionals and learn

question

explicit norms

answer

formally communicated rules that govern behavior of group members

question

implicit norms

answer

unstated or informal rules understood and practiced by members of an organization

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etiquette

answer

a system of rules and conventions that regulate social and professional behavior

question

work ethic

answer

a set of values based on desirable workplace characteristics that include accountability dependability initiative taking and accomplishment

question

emotive advertising

answer

advertising that attempts to appeal to consumers emotions

question

distribution

answer

the manner in which a sport industry product or service moves from the producer or manufacturer to the consumer

question

public organization

answer

the entities that make up this type of organization include federal and state government agencies or units as well as regional and local departments responsible for the delivery of recreation and sport program and the maintenance of sport fields, arenas, swimming pools, and parks.

question

nonprofit organization

answer

volunteer executives are responsible for the operation and management of the organizations

question

commercial organizations

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main goal is to make a profit.

question

environment

answer

all elements outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect all or part of the organization

question

demography

answer

involves the examination of populations, including such elements as size, births, deaths, migration, and aging

question

management

answer

the process of working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals

question

directive leadership style

answer

leaders function where employees have little input in planning and decision making

question

participative leadership

answer

leaders seek employee involvement in project planning and decision making

question

general

answer

includes elements that may not have direct effect on day to day operations of the organization but may nonetheless influence the organization.

question

ethical leader

answer

honest caring and principled individuals who make fair and balanced decisions

question

client

answer

sport related person, brand, property, media company, or concept represented by a sport management and marketing agency

question

venue

answer

a facility or site where a special event or sport activity takes place

question

entitlement

answer

associating the name of sponsor with the name of an event or facility in exchange for cash or other considerations

question

inventory

answer

the assets that a sport property has to sell, including not only its quantity but also its characteristics and traits

question

grassroots programs

answer

programs targeted to people at the primary level of involvement, usually participants rather than spectators

question

gatekeepers

answer

individuals or groups responsible for controlling the flow of proposals or solicitations to the decision maker

question

seasonality

answer

the variable patterns of tourist visitation throughout the year at a destination

question

synergy

answer

the interaction between two components

question

destination image

answer

the impression that people have of a certain location

question

leverage

answer

using strategies to optimize the benefits or outcomes associated with an event

question

hallmark event

answer

major events

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