Medical Terminology Eye – Flashcards
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sclera
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outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye
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cornea
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transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows rays to enter the eye
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choroid
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middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels that supple nutrients to the eye
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iris
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the pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil
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pupil
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opening in the center of the iris
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lens
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lies directly behind the the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light
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retina
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innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors
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aqueous humor
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watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. It provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye
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vitreous humor
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jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape
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meibomian glands
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oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye
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lacrimal glands and ducts
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produce and drain tears
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optic nerve
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carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain
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conjunctiva
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mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva
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cor/o, core/o, pupill/o
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pupil
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corne/o, kerat/o
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cornea
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dacry/o, lacrim/o
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tear, tear duct
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ir/o, irid/o
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iris
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ocul/o, ophthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o
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vision
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phac/o, phak/o
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lens
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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sclera
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cry/o
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cold
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dipl/o
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two, double
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is/o
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equal
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phot/o
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light
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ton/o
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tension, pressure
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bi-, bin-
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two
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-opia
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vision (condition)
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-phobia
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abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things
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-plegia
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paralysis
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aphakia
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condition without a lens
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blepharitis
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inflammation of the eyelid
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blepharoptosis
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drooping of the eyelid (commonly called ptosis)
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conjunctivitis
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inflammation of the conjunctiva
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dacryocystitis
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inflammation of the tear (lamcrimal) sac
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diplopia
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double vision
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endophthalmitis
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inflammation within the eye
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iridoplegia
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paralysis of the iris
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iritis
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inflammation of the iris
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keratitis
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inflammation of the cornea
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keratomalacia
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softening of the cornea
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luekocoria
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condition of white pupil
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oculomycosis
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abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus
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ophthalmalgia
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pain in the eye
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ophthalmoplegia
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paralysis of the eye (muscle)
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phacomalacia
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softening of the lens
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photophobia
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abnormal fear of (sensitivity to) light
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retinoblastoma
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tumor arising from a developing retinal cell
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retinopathy
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disease of the retina
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sclerokeratitis
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inflammation of the sclera and cornea
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scleromalacia
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softening of the sclera
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xerophthalmia
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condition of dry eye
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amblyopia
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reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabimus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision. The brain suppresses images from the impaired eye to avoid double vision
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astigmatism (Ast)
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defective curvature of the refractive surfaces (cornea or lens) of the eye
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cataract
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clouding of the lens of the eye
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chalazion
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obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid
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detached retina
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separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye
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glaucoma
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eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). If not treated it will lead to blindness
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hyperopia
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farsightedness
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macular degeneration
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a progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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nyctalopia
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poor vision at night or in faint light (also called night blindness)
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nystagmus
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involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes
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pinguecula
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yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust. If the yellow mass spreads onto the cornea it becomes a pterygium.
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presbyopia
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impaired vision as a result of aging
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pterygium
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thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused from sun exposure
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retinitis pigmentosa
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hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes
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strabismus
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abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point
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sty
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infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (also called hordeolum)
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blepharoplasty
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surgical repair of the eyelid
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cryoretinopexy
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surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold
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dacryocystorhinostomy
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creation of an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose (to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated)
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iridectomy
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excision of the iris
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iridotomy
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incision of the iris
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keratoplasty
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surgical repair of the cornea
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sclerotomy
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incision of the sclera
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enucleation
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surgical removal of the eyeball
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LASIK
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a laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia.
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phacoemulsification
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method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasound needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated
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PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
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procedure for the treatment of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea
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retinal photocoagulation
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an intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye. Used to treat retinal tears of detachment, diabetic retinopathy, wet macular degeneration, glaucoma, and intraocular tumors
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scleral buckling
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a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the sclera. An exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera
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trabeculectomy
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surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure
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vitrectomy
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surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
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fluorescein angiography
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(digital) process of recording blood vessels (of the eye with fluorescing dye)
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keratometer
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instrument used to measure the cornea
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ophthalmoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the eye
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ophthalmoscopy
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visual examination of the eye
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optometry
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measurement of vision
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pupillometer
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instrument used to measure the diameter of the pupil
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pupilloscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the pupil
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retinoscopy
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visual examination of the retina
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tonometer
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instrument used to measure pressure (within the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma)
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tonometry
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measure of pressure (within the eye)
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anisocoria
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condition of absence of equal pupil (unequal size of pupils)
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binocular
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pertaining to two or both eyes
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corneal
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pertaining to the cornea
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intraocular
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pertaining to within the eye
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isocoria
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condition of equal pupil (size)
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lacrimal
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pertaining to tears
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nasolacrimal
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pertaining to the nose and tear ducts
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ophthalmic
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pertaining to the eye
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ophthalmologist
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physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye
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ophthalmology
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study of the eye
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ophthalmopathy
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disease of the eye
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optic
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pertaining to vision
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pseudophakia
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condition of false lens
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pupillary
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pertaining to the pupil
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retinal
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pertaining to the retina
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emmetropia
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normal refractive condition of the eye
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intraocular lens (IOL)
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an artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery
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miotic
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agents that constricts the pupil
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mydriatic
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agent that dilates the pupil
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optician
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a specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses (cannot prescribe lens)
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optometrist
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a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses and/or eye exercises
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visual acuity (VA)
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sharpness of vision for either distance or near
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ARMD
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age-related macular degeneration
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Ast
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astigmatism
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Em
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emmetropia
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IOL
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intraocular lens
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IOP
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intraocular pressure
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Ophth
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ophthalmology
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PHACO
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phacoemulsification
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VA
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visual acuity
