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Organizational culture

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a firm's shared values, beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and role models for behavior

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organizational structure

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the arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization

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organizational chart

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a visual display of the organizational structure, lines of authority (chain of command), staff relationships, permanent committee arrangements, and lines of communication

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specializaion

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the division of labor into small, specific tasks and the assignment of employees to do a single task

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over specialization negative consequences

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employees become bored job dissatisfaction poor quality work increased injuries increased employee turnover

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job specialization

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job specialization is common in automobile manufacturing. By dividing work into smaller specialized task, employees can perform their wok more quickly and efficiently

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departmentalization

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the grouping of jobs into working units usually called departments, units, groups, or divisions

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functional departmentalization

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the grouping of jobs that perform similar functional activities, such as finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources

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product departmentalization

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the organization of jobs in relation to the products of the firm

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geographic departmentalization

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the grouping of jobs according to geographic location such as state, region, country, or continent

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customer departmentalization

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the arrangement of jobs around the needs of various types of customers

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delegation of authority

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giving employees not only tasks, but also the power to make commitments, use resources, and take whatever actions are necessary to carry out those tasks

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responsibility

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the obligation, place on employees through delegation, to perform assigned tasks satisfactorily and be held accountable for the proper execution of work

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accountablility

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the principle that employees who accept an assignment and the authority to carry it out are answerable to a superior for the outcome

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centralized organization

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a structure in which authority is concentrated at the top, and very little decision-making authority is delegated to lower levels

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decentralized organizations

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an organization in which decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible

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span of management

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the number of subordinates who report to a particula manager

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wide span of management exists w

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when a manager directily superises a very large number of emplyees

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narrow span of management

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exists when a manager directly supervises only a few subordinates

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organizational layers

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the levels of management on an organization

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line structure

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the simplest organizational structure in which direct lines of authority extend form the op manager to the lowest level of the organization

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line-and-staff structure

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a structure havin atraditional line relatiohsip wbetween superious and subordinates and also specialized managers-called staff managers- who are available to assist line manages

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staff managers

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provide advice and support to line departments on specialized matters

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multidivisional structure

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a structure that organizes departments into larger groups called divisions

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matrix structure

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a structure that sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority; also called a project management structure

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group

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is two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal

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team

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is a small group whose members have complementary skills; have a common purpose, goals, and approach; and hold themselves mutually accountable

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virtual teams

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employees in different locations who rely on technological tools to accomplish their goals

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committees

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a permanent, formal group that performs a specific task

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task forces

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a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change

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project teams

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groups similar to task forces which normally run their operation and have total control of a specific work project

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product-development teams

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a specific type of project team formed to devise, design and implement a new product

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quality-assurance teams (or quality Circles)

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small groups of workers brought together from throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems

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self-directed work teams (SDWT)

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a group of employees responsible for an entire work process of segment that delivers a product to an internal or external customer

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grapevine

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an informal channel of communication, separate from management's formal, offical communication channels

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Which of the following statements accurately describe the difference between tall and flat organizations

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Tall organizations have a narrow span of management, whereas flat organizations have a wide span of management

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Function

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A company that has departments for marketing, finance, personnel, and production is organized by

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Multinational corporations often use a geographical approach to departmentalizations because

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Of vast differences between different regions

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Which of the following is true of self-directed work teams

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They are designed to give employees a feeling of ownership of a whole job

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Which of the following is an advantage of product departmentalization

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It simplifies decision making and helps coordinate all activities related to a product.

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Which of the following statements is true about task forces

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They may occasionally comprise of individuals from outside an organization

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Decentralization

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When an organization has a structure in which decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible, it is to be exercising

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Which of the following organizational structures is also called a project management structure

answer

Matrix structure

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18th century economist Adam Smith illustrated improvements in efficiency in manufacturing units through the application of q

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Specialization

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It provides flexibility, enhanced cooperation, and creativity

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Which of the following is an advantage of a matrix-structure

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Employees may abuse company e-mail and internet access

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Which of the following is a problem created by increased access to the internet at work

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Line

answer

An organizational form that is based on direct lines of authority front he top executive to the lowest level of employees is called a (blank) structure

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Functional

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Small businesses commonly employ (blanK) departmentalization

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horizontal communication

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Which of the following is refers to the exchange of information among colleagues and peers on the same organizational level

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upward communication

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flows from lower to higher levels of the organization

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Downward communication

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Traditional flow of communication from upper organizational levels to lower organizational levels

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