question

Which of the following statements defines the members of a species?

answer

They mate and produce offspring.

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Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how

answer

inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.

question

Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

answer

descended from a common ancestor.

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A plant evolves a high level of poison that enables it to defend itself against insects. Soon an insect that prefers to eat this plant evolves an enzyme that breaks down the poison. This is an example of

answer

coevolution

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The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's

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gene pool.

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Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands?

answer

adaptation

question

Natural selection acts directly on

answer

phenotypes.

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The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called

answer

the founder effect.

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When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

answer

artificial selection.

question

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it

answer

prevents interbreeding between the populations.

question

Which of the following clades is most likely to survive a series of catastrophic events over time?

answer

A clade with many distantly related and diverse species.

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Fossils of the coelocanth, a primitive fish, date back about 140 million years. Modern coelacanths are virtually identical to their fossil ancestors. This species most likely evolves through the process of

answer

punctuated equilibrium.

question

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?

answer

whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards

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Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as

answer

useful support for his theory.

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When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

answer

natural variations that are present in a species.

question

Which of the following adaptations is most likely the result of coevolution?

answer

a curved beak in a bird that eats from a single species of flower

question

Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered

answer

if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species.

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Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT

answer

population size is very large.

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The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the

answer

birds' different-shaped beaks.

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The Australian flying phalanger is a marsupial flying squirrel. Its appearance, behavior, environment and diet closely resemble those of the American flying squirrel, a placental mammal. This resemblance is most likely due to

answer

convergent evolution.

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Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

answer

fitness

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Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

answer

surviving in the environments in which they lived.

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In organisms that reproduce sexually, most variation that can be inherited is due to

answer

gene recombination during sexual reproduction.

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Compared to a polygenic trait, a single-gene trait tends to have

answer

fewer phenotypes.

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The fossil record shows

answer

that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now extinct.

question

HEHE

answer

stabilizing selection.

question

In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species

answer

by making new habitats available to them.

question

Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing

answer

genes from two parents to be mixed and remixed before being passed to offspring.

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Which statement is part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

answer

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

question

One end of Figure 17-1 shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is

answer

directional selection.

question

Which is a major concept included in Lamarck's evolutionary hypothesis?

answer

Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism.

question

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

answer

possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

question

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler's toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

answer

The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.

question

The principle of common descent helps explain why

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birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics.

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What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?

answer

Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes.

question

Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which

answer

a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.

question

On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed

answer

species similar to mainland South American species

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Sexual reproduction among members of a population results in

answer

no changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.

question

Which of the following is not an echinoderm?

answer

Sea Anemone

question

A collection of sensory neurons and interneurons that are concentrated together is called

answer

cephalization.

question

The ability to navigate, hunt, and communicate by electric current in water most likely helps make up for the effect of dark, murky water on which sense?

answer

vision

question

A side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animal that eats

answer

grass.

question

nar002-1.jpg Figure 27-4 In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in Figure 27-4, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for

answer

exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air.

question

Which group has the most identified species?

answer

invertebrates

question

Mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in

answer

terrestrial invertebrates.

question

Your belly button is on your ventral side.

answer

true

question

Which animal does not have a complete digestive tract (in one end out the other)?

answer

Platyheilmenthes

question

Which of the following aquatic animals must use lungs to breathe?

answer

dolphins

question

What is an example of a non-vertabrate chordate?

answer

lancelet

question

The hydrostatic skeleton is a function of which feature of a cnidarian? (hint used to move)

answer

gastrovascular cavity

question

The mammals whose offspring are little more than embryos are

answer

marsupials.

question

The muscular organ in birds that grinds seeds into small pieces is called a

answer

gizzard.

question

Which of the characters from the show Sponge Bob is the least complex?

answer

Bob

question

Which trpe of animal has radial symmetry?

answer

echinoderm

question

You have actually thought about how and when to study for your finals (IF not make it so then answer this).

answer

true

question

Many fishes and snakes move by

answer

contracting muscles in waves down the body, which bends the body to each side.

question

Which of the following represents a neural circuit that would be involved in the response to a stimulus?

answer

sensory cell mc019-9.jpg sensory neuron mc019-10.jpg interneuron mc019-11.jpg motor neuron mc019-12.jpg muscle

question

What do you call the cell that has a flagellum in a sponge?

answer

chanocyte

question

An animal's immune system must be able to tell the difference between

answer

body cells and pathogens.

question

What type of animal has a pseudocoelom?

answer

Nematoda

question

What group did animals probably evolve from?

answer

protists

question

What is a pharynx?

answer

Feeding tube

question

A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that

answer

connects muscles to bones.

question

One difference between a nymph and a larva is that a nymph

answer

resembles an adult of the same species, but a larva does not.

question

Which of the following statements describes how a muscle moves an arthropod leg?

answer

A muscle contracts, pulling on a tendon which is attached to the inside of the exoskeleton.

question

Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a

answer

nerve net

question

Both oysters and squid are mollusks. Why do you think an open circulatory system is adequate for an oyster but not for a squid?

answer

Oysters do not move around, but squid are very active.

question

The compound eyes of insects

answer

detect color and form images.

question

Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested

answer

inside specialized cells.

question

You will post your questions on the review wiki on moodle if you have one. Remember this was more than a suggestion.

answer

true

question

Study Figure 28-2. The contraction of flexor muscles causes limbs to bend. The contraction of extensor muscles causes limbs to straighten. Based on this information, what is happening to the grasshopper's leg at point A?

answer

The extensor muscle in the femur is contracting and straightening the leg.

question

Information in the environment that causes an animal to react is

answer

a stimulus

question

Humans have lungs with alveoli. This implies that humans

answer

have a higher metabolic rate than amphibians and reptiles

question

A closed circulatory system is one in which

answer

blood travels through a system of blood vessels that extend throughout the body.

question

In sponges, internal fertilization occurs when

answer

the sperm is taken in from the surrounding water.

question

A cats head is at its anterior end.

answer

true

question

Which of the following groups of animals rely on sensory cells rather than sensory tissues and organs?

answer

tunicates

question

Study Figure 28-4. Which of the following conclusions about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?

answer

A lizard's body temperature is about the same as the temperature of its environment.

question

Which one of these characteristics do all animals share?

answer

multicellular

question

What phylum is lacking body symmetry?

answer

Porifera

question

Which phylum has jointed apendages, segmented bodies and an exoskeleton?

answer

Arthropoda

question

Which system is illustrated in Figure 27-2?

answer

respiratory system

question

Which group represents the most numerous and diverse group?

answer

Arthropods

question

A parasite is a type of

answer

symbiont

question

In stage of life can a sponge swim?

answer

Larva

question

What phylum is named after their stinging cells?

answer

Cnidaria

question

Genetics

answer

Scientific study of heredity

question

Fertilization

answer

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

question

Trait

answer

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

question

Hybrid

answer

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

question

Gene

answer

a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain

question

Allele

answer

An alternative form of a gene.

question

Principal of dominance

answer

some alleles are dominant and some are recessive

question

Segergation

answer

seperation, as in seperation of one racial group from another

question

Gamete

answer

A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

question

self-pollination

answer

the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant

question

Mendal

answer

father of genetics

question

probability

answer

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

question

homozygous

answer

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

question

heterozygous

answer

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

question

Phenotype

answer

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

question

genotype

answer

An organism's genetic makeup

question

independent assortment

answer

Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

question

dihybrid cross

answer

A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene

question

condon

answer

Mrna

question

anticondon

answer

Trna

question

Ribosome

answer

A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits.

question

cytosine

answer

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.

question

Adenine

answer

purine base found in DNA and RNA

question

Thymine

answer

A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.

question

Uracil

answer

a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine

question

Guanine

answer

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.

question

Deletion

answer

Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed

question

inversion

answer

a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed

question

Polyploidy

answer

Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

question

James Watson

answer

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

question

Alfred Hersey

answer

Found that DNA is the Genetic material

question

Fredrick Griffith

answer

Proved a process called transformation: genetic material from one cell can be transferred to another cell.

question

Oswald Avery

answer

Discovered that the nucleic acid in DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next.

question

Erwin Chargaff

answer

Analyzed the base content of DNA and found that the amount of adenine equaled and amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

question

DNA

answer

a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix

question

Mutation

answer

any event that changes genetic structure

question

Hydrogen bonds

answer

Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule

question

transcription

answer

the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

question

Translation

answer

the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm

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