Chapter 21 Example Questions – Flashcards
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Arctic Ocean
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Smallest
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Organs or Respiratory System
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NoseNasal cavityPharynxLarynxTracheaBronchial treeLungs
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Upper respiratory tract
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Passageway from nasal to larynx
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Lower respiratory tract
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Passageway from trachea to alveoli
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Alveoli(lower respiratory)
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Tiny air sac; gases are exchanged
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Lungs(lower respiratory)
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Spongy organs in thoracic cavity
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Conducting zone
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Air travels throughout body
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Conducting zone
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Air filtered, warmed, moistened
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Conducting zone
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From nose to nasal cavity to bronchioles
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Respiratory zone
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Gas exchange occur
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Respiratory zone
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Structures that contain alveoli
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Provide cells w/ oxygen & remove waste product carbon dioxide
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Four Respiratory processes
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Pulmonary ventilationPulmonary gas exchangeGas transportTissue gas exchange
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Pulmonary ventilation
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Air movement in/out lungs
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Pulmonary gas exchange
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Movement of gases btwn lungs & blood
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Gas transport
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Movement of gases through blood
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Tissue gas exchange
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Movement of gases btwn blood & tissues
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Maintain homeostasis & blood pressure
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Major function of respiratory system
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Mechanism for speech and sound
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Neurons for sense of smell
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Maintain acid-base balance in extracellular fluid
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Synthesizes enzyme in production of angiotesin-ll
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Major function of Respiratory system
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Pressure changes assist w/ flow of venous blood
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Functions of nose and naval cavity
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Entryway into respiratory system
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Functions of nose and naval cavity
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Inhaled air is warmed humidified
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Function of nose and naval cavity
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Debris filtered/antibacterial substance secreted
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Function of nose and naval cavity
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Olfactory receptors housed
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Function of nose and naval cavity
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Enhances resonance of voice
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Meatuses
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create turbulence that rids dust/debris
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Sinuses
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Hollow cavities w/n frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, && maxillary bones
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Sinuses
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Warm/humidify airEnhance voice Reduce weight of skull
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Histology of nasal cavity
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Vestibule lined w/ stratified squamous epith.; resist mechanical stress
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Histology of nasal cavity
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Epith. Changes to two types of mucous membrane: olfactory & respiratory
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Histology of nasal cavity
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Olfactory mucosa- houses receptors for smell
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Histology of nasal cavity
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Lined w/ pseudostratified cilated columnar epith.; specialized for air filtration
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Pharynx(throat)has 3 anatomic divisions
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NasopharynxOropharynxLaryngopharynx
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Nasopharynx
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Psuedostratified columnar epith. For warming,humidifying, && filtering
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Oropharynx
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Nonkeratinized stratifies squamous epth.;protective against stress
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Laryngopharynx
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Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epth.;common passageway for air/food
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Larynx(voice box)
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Keeps food/liquid out of respiratory tract; houses vocal cords
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Larynx
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epith.propel mucous & debris up/out
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Larynx
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Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epith. Protects from stress
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Trachea(wind pipe)
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Hyaline cartilage rings cover anteeior/lateral surfaces
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Trachea
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Posterior surface allows esophagus to expand during swallowing
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Carina(last trachea ring)
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Forms hooks that surround first branches of bronchial tree
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Mucosa of trachea
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Allows trachea to warm/moisten/filter air
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Bronchial tree
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Inhaled air reaches Carina-then enters left/right primary bronchus
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Bronchial tree
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Once inside lungs-bronchus branches into bronchial tree
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Bronchial tree
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Smaller tubes that end in alveoli
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Primary Bronchi
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Divide intp left/right branches st Carina
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Secondary bronchi once inside each lung
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Three on right/two on left
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Tertiary bronchi branch
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10 smaller bronchi per lung; continue to branch into smaller branches
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Bronchioles
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Smallest airway
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Terminal Bronchioles
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Branch into two or more smaller respiratory bronchiole
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Respiratory bronchiole
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Branches into two or more alveolar ducts
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Two phases of pulmonary ventilation
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Inspiration or inhalationExpiration or Exhalation
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Inspiration
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Bring air into lungs
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Expiration
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Moves air out of lungs
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Boyle's law
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Rship btwn pressure & volume
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Pulmonary ventilation rship to Boyle's law
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Volume changes in thoracic cavity & lungs that lead to a pressure gradient
