AP World History Study Guide – Unit 2 (Classical Period) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
RVCs
answer
led to control of barbaric outsiders, expansion; political organization, legal codes, specialization, more writing and architecture
question
artisians
answer
person skilled in crafts
question
Continuity from RVCs
answer
barter economy, patriarchal societies
question
Change form RVCs
answer
military organization, war, more writing/records
question
Assyrians
answer
from northern Mesopotamia, no natural barriers/easy to attack, empire stretched from N/E of Tigris to central Egypt
question
provinces
answer
dependent territories protected by army
question
Nineveh
answer
Assyrian capital, one of world'd largest libraries; demolished by enemies(Medes and Chaldeans' revenge for Assyrian cruelty)
question
Persia
answer
southwest Asia; nomadic
question
qanat
answer
underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians
question
nomadic
answer
roaming lifestyle
question
Cyrus the Great
answer
military leader; organize by ranks; freed the Jews
question
Darius the Great
answer
stops rebellions; soldier of Cyrus; expands Persia north; Builds capital Persepolis; creates postal service and spies
question
centralized bureaucracy
answer
ruling with ranks/orders/parts and one central capital
question
satraps
answer
Persian Governor, oversees laws, military, and taxes of their province
question
Darians
answer
monetary, Persian gold coins
question
Royal Road
answer
Persian trade route, connects cities for faster trade
question
Zorostrianism
answer
founded by Persian prophet Zoroster, 2 gods, good and evil, idea of heaven and hell
question
Avesta
answer
collection of books on Zorostrianism
question
Greece
answer
independent city-states in the rocky terrain of Southeast Europe
question
Minonians
answer
Crete, known for architecture and sea trade with Egypt
question
Myceneans
answer
warlike, Greek gods, Trojan War, Homer w/ Odyssey and Illyiad
question
Dorians
answer
from north Macedonia, iron weapons, Dark Age of little writing, a population decrease, and isolation
question
polis
answer
Greek city-state
question
Greek governments
answer
Monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, direct democracy
question
Aristocracy
answer
the wealthy make laws
question
Oligarchy
answer
Wealthy control government and army
question
Direct democracy
answer
first form of democracy, created by Solon in 461 Athens, vote at the acropolis
question
Acropolis
answer
A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city
question
Olympics
answer
games against polises were held to honor their gods
question
Athenian women
answer
homemakers, no government role, not allowed in public
question
Spartan women
answer
more equal to men (not exactly though), athletes, run businesses, step up while men were training
question
Greek Ionian Revolt
answer
Cause of the Persian Wars, mistrust, no honorable satrap
question
Persian War
answer
Greece vs. Persia, Greeks unite
question
Marathon
answer
1st battle, Greek victory due to Phalanx formation, mostly Athenians
question
Emperor Xerxes
answer
Persian, seeks revenge for the defeat at Marathon
question
Thermonopylae
answer
turning point, 2nd battle, Spartans, Greek lost but bought time
question
Salamis
answer
last battle, naval, Thermistecles sends a "traitor", big Persian ship get caught and sunk in the straight
question
Thermistecles
answer
Greek military leader
question
Athens Golden Age
answer
political and cultural achievements, democracy becomes stronger
question
Pericles
answer
Greek ruler/philosopher, pay more to political figures and then the poor can take part
question
Cause of Peloponnesian War
answer
Spartan jealousy of Athenian Golden Age, fear of rising power
question
Peloponnesian War
answer
civil war, Delian League (Athens) vs. Peloponnesian League (Sparta); phase 1: Athenian blockade, Spartans burning and pillaging; phase 2: Athenian plague, Spartans surround Athens
question
Athenian Plague
answer
Athenians fled to inside the Athens citadel walls, disease affected 1/3 the population including Pericles
question
bicameral legislature
answer
A lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts
question
civic duty
answer
A belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs
question
Hippocratus
answer
father of medicine, believed germs and bacteria led to sickness
question
Archimedes
answer
philosopher, pi, levers and pulleys
question
Aristotle
answer
classified plants and animals, taught Alexander the Great
question
Macedonia
answer
barbaric, frontier of Greece/Balkans, nomadic, pastorial, subsistent farmers
question
Philip II
answer
unites the Macedonians, conquers Greek polises, Greeks don't unite after Peloponnesian War
question
Macedonian weapons
answer
catapult and long spike
question
Alexander the Great
answer
Philip's successor, age 20, student of Aristotle, goal to spread Hellenism
question
Hellenism
answer
Greek culture
question
Alexander's conquest
answer
put down Thebian rebellion, invades Persia, liberates Egypt, builds Alexandria, burns Persepolis, crosses Indus to defeat unorganized Aryans (also suffers high losses due to elephants)
question
Antigonid Empire
answer
Greece and Macedonia, flourishing trade, constant rebellion
question
Ptolemaic Empire
answer
Egypt, Holy Land, Anatolia, wealthiest, salt monopoly
question
Seleucid Empire
answer
east Persia to India, largest, cosmopolitan society
question
Cosmopolitan society
answer
a condition in which international organizations, transnational corporations and global markets are accountable to the peoples of the world.
question
Erastosthenes
answer
director of library in Alexandria, computed Earth's circumference
question
Aristarchus
answer
estimate sun was 300x larger than earth, and that earth revolves around the sun
question
Hipparchus
answer
invented longitude and latitude
question
Chandragupta Mauryan
answer
unified India, feared assasinantion so he became a Jainist monk
question
Mauryan history
answer
Vedic age ends when Persians invade, Alexander the Great conquers in 326
question
autocratic ruler
answer
single ruler with complete authority
question
Pataliputra
answer
Mauryan capital
question
Kautilya
answer
advisor of Chandragupta, wrote the Arthashastra
question
Arthashastra
answer
guide for ruling, strict control, legalist
question
Asoka
answer
Chandragupta's grandson, follows Arthashastra, becomes sorrow-changed, becomes Buddhist
question
Battle of Kalinga
answer
deadly battle in which Asoka becomes sorrow-changed
question
Asoka's Law Code
answer
mostly sanskrit, pillars(stupas) with 30 edicts, Buddhist principles of toleration and righteousness
question
Gupta Empire
answer
the Golden Age of India, flourish in arts, literature, math, medicine, rewarded for discoveries
question
Chandra Gupta I
answer
inherits his father's kingdom, marries princess of another kingdom, conquers and assembles the other kingdoms
question
Chandra Gupta II
answer
expands, prosperity/wealth, maritime and land trade, patrons of the art, etc
question
Kalidosa
answer
Gupta empire poet, play Shakuntala
question
Aryabhatta
answer
earth is sphere
question
Sushruta Samhita
answer
text on surgery/medicine
question
Shi Huangdhi
answer
1st emperor of Qin dynasty, 13, legalist
question
Qin Empire
answer
nobles families lived at capital, 100s of Confucian scholars killed
question
autocracy
answer
A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual
question
Qin centralization
answer
highway networks, peasants work against will, uniform standards, law, $, weights, measures, cart and axel lengths
question
Han dynasty
answer
collapse of Qin after Shi Huangdi dies, Lui Bang bring rise of Han
question
Changán
answer
Han capital
question
Han emperor
answer
semi divine, connection between heaven and Earth, secluded, many wives
question
ministers or officials
answer
Han leaders of provinces, forced conscription, labor, taxes, etc
question
Han Wudi
answer
creator of civil service exam