prologue and chapter 1 psych – Flashcards
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in the first half of the 20th century, psychology was defined as the
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science of observable behavior
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today, psychology is defined as the
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science of behavior and mental processes
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who wrote an important 1890 psychology textbook
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william james
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who founded the first psychology lab
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wilhelm wundt
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which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior
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neuroscience
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which of the following individuals is also a physician
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psychiatrist
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the 17th century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through experience is
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locke
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today psychology is a discipline that
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connects with a diversity of other fields
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which perspective emphasizes the learning of observable responses
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behavioral
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in what type of research is a psychologist engaged if she is studying how changing the layout of a classroom might increase student productivity
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applied
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the way the mind encodes, processes, stores, and retrieves information is the primary concern of which perspective
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cognitive
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both plato and socrates believed that
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the mind and body are distinct and separable
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functionalism was the school of psychology that focused attention on the
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adaptive value of conscious thought
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the neuroscience perspective would be most likely to emphasize that behaviors is influenced by
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blood chemistry
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which scientific perspective focuses on the relative impact of nature and nurture on our psychological traits
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behavior genetics
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sensations, dreams, beliefs, and feelings are
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examples of subjective experiences and not considered appropriate subject matter for psychology today
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which psychological perspective places the most emphasis on how observable response are learned
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behavioral
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socrates emphasized the importance of ____ as a source of knowledge
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logic
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dr phil attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressure associated with being members of street gangs. his belief illustrates a ____ perspective
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socio-cultural
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a random sample can be best described as
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a sample in which each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected
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theoretically, random assignment should eliminate
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concerns over validity
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the process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by
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operational definitions
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jeff mistakenly assumes that everybody around him enjoys listening to country music just as much as he does, jeff best illustrates
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false consensus effect
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in its early years, psychology focused on the study of ___, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, american psychologists emphasized the study of ___
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mental processes; observable behavior
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edward titchener is to ___; as william james is to ___
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structuralism, functionalism
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the view that knowledge comes from experiences and interactions with others, and that science should rely on observation is called
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empiricism
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platos presumption of inborn knowledge most clearly contrasts with a view known as
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empiricism
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cognitive theorists emphasize the
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formation and modification of schemas
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which of the following scientific procedures in most useful for helping researchers avoid false generalizations
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random sampling
