Environmental Science Ecology Test – Flashcards
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population
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a group of organisms a of single species that inhabit the same geographic location at the same time
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species
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a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
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community
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a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time
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biotic factor
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any living factor in an organism environment
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abiotic factor
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the nonliving factor in an organism's environment
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habitat
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the location where an organism lives
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niche
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the role or position that an organism lives
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carrying capacity
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the maximum number of individuals an environment can support for the long term
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immigration
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a number of individuals moving into an area
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emigration
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a number of individuals moving away from an area
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parasitism
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a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another
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A community contains _____
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several populations of multiple species in one place at one time
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Which of the following is a population density?
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2.3 trees/ hectare
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The presence of eagles that prey upon rabbits is a ______.
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biotic limiting factor
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A sewage spill that kills a population of fish is called an _____.
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abiotic limiting factor
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Larger animals have ______ population densities compared to smaller animals.
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smaller
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A flock of geese could best be described as a _______.
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population
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The savannah would be the _______ African lions.
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habitat
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A caterpillar that eats the leaves of just one species of milkweed would be called a ________.
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specialist
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Forty gray squirrels leaving a forest is an example of _______.
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emigration
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The study of interactions between different species is called _______.
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community ecology
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An alligator attacking a deer is an example of ______.
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predation
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_______ is when two organisms of different species have a close relationship.
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symbiosis
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Barnacles growing on a humpback whale are an example of ________, because the barnacles gain a benefit from the whale, but the whale neither gains a benefit nor is harmed.
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communalism
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The crocodile bird cleaning the teeth of a crocodile is an example of ________ because the relationship is benefit to both animals.
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mutualism
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What is the difference between a biome and an ecosystem?
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•A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share a similar climate and types of communities. Ex: Deserts •An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Ex: Sahara, Gobi, Badlands
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What are the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and the atmosphere?
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•Hydrosphere- all water related systems (oceans, rivers, lakes, streams) •Lithosphere- all terrestrial related systems (caves, grasslands, plains, forests) •Atmosphere- all air related systems
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List a real world example of the following: -Predation -Parasitism -Mutualism
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•Predation- cat eating a mouse •Parasitism- leeches •Mutualism- remora cleaning sharks
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Give two example of density-dependent factor.
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predation, disease, parasites, competition, food availability, mates
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What is the population density of 20 deer inhabiting 2 sq km of land?
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20 deer ________ = 10 deer/ sq km 2 sq km
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A researcher catches 100 butterflies and marks their wings. At a later date the researcher comes back and catches 50 butterflies. 25 butterflies in the second group have their wings marked. What is the size of the butterfly population in the area?
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100 25 ____ = ___ x 50 25x= 5,000 x= 200 Butterflies
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biosphere
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the portion of the Earth that supports life
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biological community
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group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographical area at the same time
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limiting factors
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biotic or abiotic factors that keep a population from continuing to increase indefinitely
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population dispersion or distribution
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the pattern of spacing of a population within an area: uniform, clumped, random
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density-independent factors
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drought, extreme heat or cold, flooding, human action, forest fires, pollution
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density-dependent factors
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predation, disease, parasites, competition
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exponential growth rate (or model)
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start out slowly but increases rapidly; J shaped
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logistic growth rate
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slows of stops at the population's carrying capacity; S shaped
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predation
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the act of one organism pursuing and consuming another organism for their food
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symbiosis
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the close relationship that exists when two or more species live together
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mutualism
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the close relationship that exists when two or more species live closely together and benefit from each other
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commensalism
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a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed
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biodiversity
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the variety of life in the world or the particular habitat/ecosystem
