Chemistry: Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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mass is neither created nor destroyed
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Law of Definite Proportions
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chemical compounds contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass regardless of the size or source of the compound
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Electron
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negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus of an atom
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neutron
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neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom
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proton
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positively charged particle in nucleus of an atom
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nuclear forces
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short range proton-proton, proton-neutron, and neutron-neutron forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together
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element
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a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
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compound
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substance that can be broken down into simple, stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
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physical property
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characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
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physical change
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change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
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chemical property
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relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform in into different substances
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chemical change
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change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
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products
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substances formed by a chemical change
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reactants
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substances that react in a chemical change
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mixture
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blend of two or more kinds of matter, each retaining its own identity and properties
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group
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vertical columns on the periodic table; also called families
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period
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horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table
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noble gases
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elements in Group 18, unreactive gases at room temperature
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atomic number
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number of protons in each atom of that element
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mass number
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total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope
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average atomic mass
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weighted average of the atomic masses of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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quantum
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the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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density
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A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume
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5 parts of Dalton's Atomic Theory
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1. all matter is composed of atoms 2. atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties 3. atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed 4. atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds 5. in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or destroyed
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ground state
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lowest energy state of a quantized system
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excited state
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state in which an atom has more energy than it does at ground state
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isotope
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atoms of the same element that have different masses; different number of neutrons
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mass number of carbon?
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what is 12.0107?
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atomic number of carbon?
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what is 6?
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element name of C?
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what is Carbon?
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element symbol of Carbon?
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what is C?
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number of protons in an element
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same as atomic number
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mass number - atomic number
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number of neutrons
