question

The trachea is more commonly called

answer

the windpipe

question

'Breathing" is more formally known as pulmonary ____

answer

ventilation

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Which of the following affect the ability of blood to carry oxygen?

answer

- the solubility coefficient of oxygen - presence of hemoglobin

question

The posterior sides of the tracheal C-shaped pieces of cartilage are bound together by the

answer

trachealis muscle

question

The parietal pleura lines which of the following?

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- internal thoracic walls - lateral surfaces of the mediastinum - superior surface of the diagphram

question

The atmospheric pressure at sea level is typically close to which value?

answer

760 mm Hg

question

The pressure exerted by each gas within a mixture is called the ___ ____

answer

Partial Pressure

question

Which of the following are mechanisms for carrying carbon dioxide in the blood?

answer

- bound to hemoglobin - As bicarbonate - Dissolved carbon dioxide in plasma

question

Gas transport is the movement of respiratory gases in blood between the __ and systemic cells

answer

lungs

question

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas is dependent on the partial pressure of the gas and its ___ ___

answer

Solubility Coefficient

question

Which of the following are among the four continuous and simultaneous processes of respiration?

answer

- Alveolar gas exchange - System gas exchange - Gas transport - Pulmonary ventilation

question

What is the tidal volume of a typical adult?

answer

500 ml

question

The volume of air moving into and out of the lungs can be measured with an instrument called a

answer

Spirometer

question

Which are potential consequences of hypoventilation?

answer

-Hypoxia -Hypercapnia

question

How many oxygen atoms would be bound to a hemoglobin molecule that is 75% saturated?

answer

3

question

The relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin is described by the __-__ ___ curve

answer

Oxygen-Hemoglobin Saturation

question

Which of the following are general functions of the respiratory system.

answer

- Air passageway - Odor detection - Sound production - Oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

answer

Larynx

question

____ is inflammation of the larynx

answer

Laryngitis

question

The ___ the vocal fold, the deeper the voice.

answer

longer

question

The ___ lung has only two lobes, superior and inferior.

answer

left

question

Which of the following are functions of the larynx?

answer

- Blocks food and drink from entering airway - Serves as a passageway for air - Produces sound for speech

question

Gas exchange in the respiratory system involves the movement of respiratory gases between what locations?

answer

- blood and alveoli - blood and systemic tissues

question

The type of alveolar cell that promotes rapid gas diffusion across the alveolar wall is the

answer

Alveolar type I cell

question

The nose is supported superiorly by paired __ ___ that form the bridge of the nose.

answer

nasal bones

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In the study of respiration, the pressure of the outside air measured at sea level is known as the ___ pressure

answer

atmospheric

question

The collective volume of the alveoli in the lungs is known as the ___ volume.

answer

Alveolar

question

Which of the following substances can be carried int he blood bound to hemoglobin?

answer

- carbon dioxide - oxygen - hydrogen ions (protons)

question

A pressure ___ exists when two interconnected regions have gases at different pressures

answer

gradient

question

Which statement describes the movement of carbon dioxide during external respiration?

answer

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli

question

In external respiraton, oxygen diffuses down a partial pressure gradient. The PO2 in the alveoli is ___ mm Hg, while the PO2 in the blood is ___ mm Hg.

answer

104; 40

question

The small opening in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called ___ ___

answer

Alveolar Pores

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The ___ fissure separates the superior and middle lobe, while the ___ fissure separates the middle from the inferior lobe.

answer

horizontal; oblique

question

The trachea descends through the neck into the ___ from the ___ to the main bronchi

answer

mediastinum; larynx

question

While ventilation involves movement of gases down total pressure gradients, gas exchange involves movement of gases down ___ ___ gradients.

answer

Partial Pressure

question

If two regions are interconnected, then gases will tend to move to the region of ___ pressure

answer

lower

question

During external respiration the PCO2 in alveolar capillaries decreases from __ mm Hg to 40 mm Hg

answer

45

question

The pharynx is made of three separate regions. Choose those regions from the following list.

answer

- oropharynx - larygopharynx - nasopharynx

question

Which statement describes the net movement of oxygen during internal respiration?

answer

Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues

question

The left lung has ___ secondary bronchi since it has ___ lobes; the right lung has ___ lobes and ___ secondary bronchi.

answer

2,2,3,3

question

The ___ ___ of a gas depends on the interactions between the molecules of the gas and molecules of the liquid.

answer

Solubility Coefficient

question

The ___ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originates from the left and right primarily bronchi and progressively branches into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles

answer

Bronchial Tree

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___ ___ is the movement of respiratory gases between blood and either alveoli or cells of systemic tissues.

answer

Gas Exchange

question

Place the gases in order of most soluble to least soluble.

answer

Co2 > O2 > N2

question

The predominant alveolar cell is an alveolar ___ cell

answer

Type I

question

Symptoms of asthma?

answer

- Shortness of breath - Coughing - Wheezing

question

If the partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood, which phrase describes the net movement of oxygen?

answer

From alveoli to blood

question

The movement of respiratory gases in the blood between the lungs and systemic cells is called ___ transport.

answer

Gas

question

Which statement describes the net movement of carbon dioxide during internal respiration?

answer

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood.

question

There are 15-20 C-shaped ___ cartilages that support the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea.

answer

tracheal

question

The ability of blood to transport oxygen is dependent on the solubility coefficient of oxygen and the presence of __

answer

hemoglobin

question

According to Henry's law, the amount of gas dissolved in liquid can be increased by which of the following methods?

answer

Increase the partial pressure of the gas

question

Which of the following are found in the mucous lining the respiratory tract?

answer

-immunoglobulins -lysozyme -mucin -defensins

question

In internal respiraton, oxygen diffuses down a partial pressure gradient. The PO2 in the alveoli is ___ mm Hg, while the PO2 in the blood is ___ mm Hg.

answer

95;40

question

Bronchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles __

answer

relax

question

The four paranasal sinuses are named for the bones where they are located. Rank the bones in order starting with the most superior.

answer

frontal > ethmoid > sphenoid > maxilla

question

Hemoglobin binds not only to oxygen, but also protons and __ __

answer

carbon dioxide

question

A person breathing fast during a foot race is most likely hyperventilating.

answer

False. Rapid breathing is only hyperventilation if the rate exceeds demand.

question

Which of the following from the nasal cavity floor?

answer

- horizontal plate of the palatine bones - palatine process of maxillae

question

The secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called ___ bronchi

answer

lobar

question

The __ lung has only two lobes, superior and inferior

answer

left

question

The apex of the lung projects superior to a point that is slightly superior to the bone called the ___

answer

clavicle

question

Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptor reflexes?

answer

- increased respiration rate following lowered pH of CSF - increased breathing rate following increased blood PCO2

question

During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles __ the ribs

answer

elevate.

question

Contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles results in __

answer

bronchoconstriction

question

Which of the following can act as stimuli that will affect breathing rate and depth via reflexes?

answer

- moving joints & muscles - deep inhalation - stretching of bronchiole smooth muscle

question

In chemoreceptor reflexes, PCO2 is the most important factor affecting breathing depth and rate.

answer

True

question

The trachea is lined with __ which will propel mucus laden particles toward the pharynx where they can be swallowed.

answer

cilia

question

The __ is the main conducting airway for inhaled air

answer

nose

question

The nasal septum is formed by which of the following?

answer

- perpendicular plate - septal nasal cartilage - Vomer

Ch 23 – Respiratory – Flashcards

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