Biology Chapter 3-5 – Flashcards
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what is ecology
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The scientific study of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
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what are the six different major levels of organization, from smallest to largest, that ecologists commonly study?
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Organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
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what three methods are used in ecological studies?
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Observation, experimentation, modeling
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what are primary producers? why are they important
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the first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organisms! esetianal to keep the food chain going
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how do all consumers get their energy
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from other organisms
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how do primary producers harness solar energy? how do producers harness energy when there is no sunlight
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Photosynthesis, and chemosynthesis. light/ chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
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why are decomposers important to a food chain
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they release energy trapped in dead matter
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the total amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem can be shown through which type of pyramid
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biomass pyramid
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why is the transfer of energy in a food chain usually only about 10 percent efficient
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organisms use most of the energy on life processes
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which biogeochemical cycle does not include a major path in which the substance cycles through the atmosphere? why
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phosporus cycle, stored in rock and soil
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why do all organisms rely on the nitrogen cycle
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to make animo acids-proteins, nucleic acids-DNA,RNA
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Carbon is a major componet of what four organic compounds that all living need?
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PROTEINS, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids
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what is climate? name two factors that determine climate
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patterns of temperture and precipitation. winds, ocean currents
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a relationship in which one organism is helped and another organism is neither helped nor hurt is called?
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commensalism
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by causing species to divide resources ..... helps determine the number and kinds of species in a community and the niche each species occupies
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competion
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What is our biome
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temperate rainforest
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what biotic and abiotic factors classify this biome
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cold winters, warm summers, fertile soils
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what factors affect life in aquatic ecosystem
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temperture, pH, water's depth
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Mutalism
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both benefiting from a relationship
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Commensalism
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one benefits one has no effect
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Parasitism
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one benefits one doesnt benefit in a bad way
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succession
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something gets destroyed becoming back to what it was depends on disturbance
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Immigration
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the movement of organism in an area
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Emigration
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the movement of organism out of an area
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Exponetianl growth
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unlimited resources ideal conditions
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Carrying capacity
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the largest number of individuals that can environment can support
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Limiting facotrs
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fall below their carrying capacity. #of individuals in an area.
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Density Dependant (doesn't matter how dense the population is)
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such as a virus, disease, predators
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Density Independant (affects the whole area )
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natural disaster, climate, human imparts.
