Praxis II 5001 Free Practice Test – All Subjects – Flashcards
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Syntax
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Syntax refers to the sentence patterns and structures, or the grammar of language. Many ELL writers have trouble with English syntax.
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Semantics
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Meaning elements of language.
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Orthography
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Orthography is the term used for a system of written language.
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Portfolios
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A literacy portfolio shows student progress over time. It might include: samples of daily work, a chart of reading rates from several grades, journal entries by student or teacher, test results and benchmark inventories.
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Emergent Readers
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Three skills that are vital for an emergent reader are, parts of books, directionality of print and voice to print match.
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Beginning Reading Skills
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Parts of books, such as the title, beginning and end and even how to hold the book is a beginning skill.
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Observational Reading Skills
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Directionality of print means following the left to right format of American books. This is an observational skill learned by watching an adult read.
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Voice to Print Reading Skills
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Voice to print match means that the child understands that print is speech written down.
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Phonemes
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Speech sounds
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Graphemes
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Written symbols for speech sounds
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Phonics
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The association between phonemes and graphemes
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Prime Numbers
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A number that can be divided evenly only by itself and 1
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One angle of a triangle is 19° and the other two angles are in the ratio 3: 4. What is the size of the largest angle of the triangle?
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The angles of a triangle add to 180°; therefore, the sum of the other two angles = 180° - 19° = 161°. 3 + 4 = 7. Therefore, the largest angle = 4/7 × 161° = 4 × 23° = 92°. The other angle is 69°.
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The population of the United States is 305 million and the ratio of males to females is 49:51. How many more females are there than males?
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The ratio 49: 51 means that 49% of the population is males and 51% of the population is females. Thus there are 2% more females than males. 2% of 305 million = 2/100 * 305,000,000 = 6,100,000
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Valence Electrons
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These give atoms their properties because of how they are transferred or shared.
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Passive Margin
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A geothermal fissure is involved with tectonic activity - magma moving out from underneath a tectonic plate caused by its movement. A transgression occurs when deep-water deposits overlie shallow water deposits.
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Four Planets Closes to the Sun
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These are called terrestrial planets, because they're made mostly of rock, like the Earth. Terrestrial means Earth-like.
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Four Planets Furthest Away from the Sun
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The four outer planets (not including Pluto) are Jovian - large gas balls like Jupiter.
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Tornados
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F-Scale, Fujita Scale
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Earthquakes
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R-Scale, Richter Scale
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Radar
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D-Scale, Doppler Scale
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Earthworms
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Earthworms are hermaphroditic, meaning every one is both male and female, so any earthworm can mate with any other. There are no separate male and female earthworms. They can regenerate lost halves, but that is typically not how they reproduce.
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Neurons
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Nerve cells
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Neutrons
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Neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom.
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Neoplasms
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New growths caused by cancer cells.
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Nephridial
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Cells that are associated with the kidneys
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Vegetative Propagation
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Also called vegetative multiplication, or vegetative cloning, is a type of asexual plant reproduction. New plants arise by growing off the parent plant without seeds or spores.
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How much louder is a 120-decibel sound than a 100-decibel sound?
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One hundred (100) on the decibel scale is 1010, and 120 is 1012. So a sound that is 120 is 102, or 100 times louder than a sound that is 1010. The decibel scale increments a power of ten for every ten (10) decibels, so 160 would be 1016, and 40 would be 104.
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Newton's Third Law of Motion
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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Newton's Second Law of Motion
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Force equals Mass x Acceleration
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Newton's First Law of Motion
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An object at rest stays at rest. An object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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Thematic Map
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A thematic map is used to illustrate a single idea or theme. This map has a single focus.
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Relief Map
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A relief map shows the topography of a region.
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Mental Map
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A mental map is constructed by the student "inside your head" without reference to other resources.
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Sketch Map
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A sketch map might be created to help students recall relative locations and sizes of places. For example, the student might sketch a map of his journey from home to school.
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Grant's Surrender to Lee
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Grant and Lee's units had skirmished over the course of several days in early April 1865. But Lee was eventually cut off from expected sources of supply by superior Union forces, including a cavalry unit led by George Armstrong Custer. Lee therefore, chose the only logical choice given his limited options: Surrender or continue to face starvation and decimation. He chose the former on April 10. The entire Confederate force then laid down their arms two days later.
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Henry David Thoreau.
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On the Duty of Civil Disobedience (1849) by Henry David Thoreau influenced the tactics of civil disobedience and passive resistance used by both Gandhi and King.
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State of the Union
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This address talks about all of the major issues that the nation is dealing with currently. The reasoning behind this address is to be able to alert the people as to what is on the agenda for the upcoming year and what has happened already.
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Greek Background
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From 800-500 BCE, the Greeks organized into city-states. Oligarchs ruled most of these, also called polis. Tyrants replaced these oligarchs and near the end of the sixth century democratic governments replaced many of the tyrants.
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Elevation and Relief
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Elevation is the height or depth above or below a baseline. Relief is the variation of elevation from place to place.
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Mussolini
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Mussolini hoped to create a nation of new Italians with his policies, but Italian values and traditions held fast in many areas. Italian women continued to be idolized as homemakers and mothers and as the foundation of society. The Party never achieved total control over the armed forces and Victor Emmanuel was retained as king. He recognized the sovereignty of the Vatican state and the pope as the head of this state. Mussolini declared Catholicism as the official religion of the state and, in return, the church supported his regime.
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Command Economy
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Cuba has a Communist government that directs all economic activity. This is called a command economy. The allocation of resources, labor, and capital are determined by the government that also sets prices.
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Knights Templar
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These knights swore themselves to protect the land from the Muslims who threatened it. They were later rounded up by the church and burned at the stake for being heretics.
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Spanish Conquistadors
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They believed that their religion required them to conquer or convert pagan nations. Since they had the only "true" religion, they were superior. They were stronger in weapons than the nations they conquered and believed that this gave them the right to conquer. The real goal was riches.
