question

Puberty

answer

years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood, producing a person of adult shape and size and sexuality.

question

Menarche

answer

First period signaling that she has begun ovulation. Often irregular for years

question

Spermarche

answer

First ejaculation signals sperm production. Can occur during sleep or with stimulation

question

Hormone

answer

Organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physical function

question

Pituitary

answer

Gland in brain that responds to signal from hypothalamus by producing hormones

question

Adrenal glands

answer

2 glands located above kidneys that produce hormones-like the stress hormone

question

HPA

answer

Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis-sequence of h. Production starts with hypothalamus then pituitary and then adrenal glands.

question

Gonads

answer

Sex glands

question

HPG

answer

Hypothalamus pituitary gonads axis

question

Estradiol

answer

Sex hormone. Chief estrogen. More of this than males have females

question

Testosterone

answer

Sex hormone. Best of androgens. Way more in males than females

question

Circadian rhythm

answer

Day night cycle of biological activity that occurs ever 24 hrs.

question

Secular Trend

answer

Long term upward or downward direction of a certain set of statistical measurements as opposed to shorter cyclical variation. Ex-over the last 2 centuries because of better nutrition and medical care, children tend to reach adult height earlier and their adult height has increased

question

Leptin

answer

Hormone that affects appetite and is believed to effect the onset of puberty. Increases during childhood and peaks at 12.

question

Body Image

answer

How you think your body looks

question

Anorexia Nervosa

answer

Eating disorder. Self starvation. Can be fatal.

question

Bulimia Nervosa

answer

Eating disorder. Binge eating and then puking or laxatives

question

Growth spurt

answer

Sudden rapid physical growth in puberty weight precedes height and growth of limbs precedes growth of torso

question

Primary sex characteristics

answer

Parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, includes vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, penis

question

Secondary sex characteristics

answer

Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction but shows maturity like beards or boobs.

question

Child sexual abuse

answer

Any erotic activity arouses an adult and confuses or shames a child whether or not victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved.

question

STI

answer

Sexually Transmitted Disease Spread by sexual conduct, including syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes and chalmydia and HIV.

question

Adolescent egocentrism

answer

Adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10-13) to focus on themselves to exclusion of others

question

Personal fable

answer

Aspect of adolescent ego centrism characterized by an adolescents belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique more wonderful or awful than anything else

question

invincibility fable

answer

Cannot be overcomed or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal such as unprotected sex, drug abuse and high speed driving

question

imaginary audience

answer

Everyone is watching. Makes teenagers very self conscious.

question

formal operational thought

answer

Piagets theory-the fourth and final stage of cog. Development. More logical systemic thinking, ability to understand and systemically manipulate abstract concepts

question

hypothetical thought

answer

reasoning that include prepositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

question

Deductive reasoning

answer

reasoning from a general statement, premise or principle through logical steps to figure out specifics. Called top-down reasoning

question

Inductive reasoning

answer

reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion. bottom-up reasoning

question

sunk cost fallacy

answer

the mistaken belief that money, time, or effort that cannot be recovered has already been invested in some endeavor then more should be invested in an effort to reach the goal the goal. Ex-spending more money on a car that is a lemon

question

base rate neglect

answer

common fallacy in which a person ignores the overall frequency of some behavior or charateristics in making decisions. Ex- person may bet on the lottery without considering the odds that their number will be selected.

question

dual-process model

answer

notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analysis of stimuli.

question

intuitive thought

answer

thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

question

analytical thought

answer

thought that results from analysis such as systemic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences possibilities and facts. Analytic thought depends on logic and rationality.

question

cyberbullying

answer

bullying where one person spreads insults or rumor about another by means of emails, text or videos.

question

Cutting

answer

addictive form of self mutilation that is prevalent among adolescent girls and correlates with depression and rug abuse.

question

Secondary education

answer

anything after primary school and before tertiary school

question

Middle School

answer

grades between elementary and high school. Usually begins with grade 6 and ends with grade 8.

question

entity approach to intelligence

answer

sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity at birth. Effort does not enhance achievement.

question

incremental approach to intelligence

answer

intelligence can be increased by effort. Can master whatever they seek to learn.

question

high stakes test

answer

an evaluation that is critical in determining success of failure

question

PISA

answer

Program for international student assessment. designed to measure the kind of cognition needed in adult life. Taken by 15 YO in 50 nations.

question

Identity v. role confusion

answer

5th stage in Erikson's development. Primary task of adolescence is finding one own identity.

question

Identity achievement

answer

Erikson's term for the attainment of identity/ the point when a person understands that they are individual

question

role confusion

answer

a situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what their identity is. Also called identity or role confusion

question

foreclosure

answer

Erikson term. Premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents or societys roles and values wholesale, without question or analysis

question

moratorium

answer

adolescent choice of socially acceptable way to postpone making identity achievement decisions. Ex.- going to college

question

gender identity

answer

person's acceptance of their roles and behaviors that society associates with biological categories of male and female

question

Four areas of Identity Formation

answer

1. Religious 2. Political 3. Vocational 4. Sexual

question

bickering

answer

petty arguing usually repeated and on going

question

parental monitoring

answer

parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where and with whom.

question

peer pressure

answer

encouragement from one's friends or contemporaries to conform in behavior or dress and attitude. usually considered negative like when friends encourage another friend to defy adults.

question

deviancy training

answer

destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.

question

sexual orientation

answer

a term that refers ti whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted tithes of the same sex, opposite sex or both

question

clinical depression

answer

feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that lasts two weeks or more

question

rumination

answer

repeatedly talking and thinking about past experiences; can contribute to depression

question

suicidal ideation

answer

thinking about suicide usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

question

parasuicide

answer

any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death. also called attempt at suicide and failed suicide

question

cluster suicides

answer

several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time

question

life course persistent offender

answer

person who's criminal activity usually begins in early ado. snd continues throughout life; a career criminal.

question

adolescence limited offender

answer

person who's criminal activity stops by age 21

question

generational forgetting

answer

the idea that each generation forgets what the previous generation learned. Ex- harm from drugs

question

The hormonal signal to begin puberty is regulated by the

answer

hypothalamus.

question

Which of the following is another name for the sex glands?

answer

gonads

question

During adolescence, testosterone in boys may rise as high as about _____ times the prepubescent level.

answer

20

question

Some people, especially males, are naturally more alert in the evening than in the morning. This is a genetic trait called:

answer

eveningness

question

A major influence on the age of the onset of menarche is:

answer

genetics

question

Researchers believe that hormones and environmental chemicals in the food supply:

answer

have led to both weight gain and early maturation.

question

Early-maturing girls

answer

tend to have lower self esteem than late maturing girls

question

According to the text, American high- school students of _____ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students.

answer

SOS

question

Menstruation depletes a woman's body of:

answer

iron

question

For 10-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys, body dissatisfaction increased:

answer

depression and thoughts of suicide

question

What percentage of women in the United States in 2005 were clinically bulimic during early adulthood?

answer

Between 1 and 3 percent

question

What disorder is characterized by severe calorie restriction?

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

The last part(s) of the adolescent body to be fully formed is (are) the:

answer

torso

question

The average 17-year-old girl has:

answer

twice the body fat percentage of her 17 year old male classmate

question

What has the greatest influence on a person's choice for his or her first sexual partner?

answer

culture

question

The overall rate of teen births in the United States is:

answer

the highest of all developed nations

question

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stay out late at night. Which of the following statement

answer

SOS

question

What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection?

answer

chylamydia

question

As of 2010, about what percentage of sexually active American high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

answer

SOS

question

Puberty begins when____ signals the____ to signal the _______

answer

hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal/gonads

question

Primary source of sex hormones in males

answer

testes

question

Primary source of sex hormones in females

answer

ovaries

question

primary female hormone

answer

estrogen

question

primary male hormone

answer

testosterone

question

Secondary sex gland

answer

adrenal

question

Adolescent egocentrism refers to:

answer

the thinking that leads young people to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.

question

At which of the following ages would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest?

answer

12

question

Teens are likely to experiment with drugs and have unprotected sex because of:

answer

invincibility fable

question

Teens often believe that they are at center stage and that others are intensely interested in them because of:

answer

the imaginary audience.

question

Sixteen-year-old Yung Sun has been dating Marcus for two months. She believes that no one has ever been in love as much as she is in love with Marcus. She feels insulted whenever her parents tell her that the relationship probably will not last. Yung Sun's feelings are an example of:

answer

the personal fable.

question

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, past experience, or common assumption, rather than a logical premise?

answer

intuitive

question

According to a 2005 study on teens and religion,:

answer

B. most adolescents believed in heaven, hell, and angels.

question

In one study, adolescents report becoming ________ as they get older.

answer

more religious

question

In a study of adolescent thinking, Paul Klaczynski concluded that:

answer

most teens can use logic but they do not.

question

The notion that two networks exist within the brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, describes the:

answer

A. dual-process model.

question

Which of the following statements is true, according to your text?

answer

D. More than 90 percent of American teens use the Internet daily.

question

Jay is a 16-year-old gay male living in rural Alaska. The Internet could be a way that Jay:

answer

all of them were correct

question

Research on adolescents who play video games found that the use:

answer

all correct

question

Which type of bullying is particularly likely to be accelerated through the use of technology?

answer

relational

question

Bethany has been engaging in self-injurious behavior, mostly cutting herself on her stomach and thighs. She could use the Internet to:

answer

all correct

question

which of the following is true?

answer

Completing high school is related to improved health in every nation and across socio-economic levels.

question

According to the text, the structure of middle school does not seem to take into account adolescents':

answer

SOS

question

According to statistical averages, which of the following students would be particularly at risk of experiencing overwhelming stress during the transition to a new school?

answer

Carlos, who had been in a middle school where he and other Latinos were in the majority, and now is at a high school where Latinos are in the minority.

question

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given:

answer

a single test to determine success or failure.

question

The United States ranked in the _________ out of 44 nations in the math category on the 2009 PISA.

answer

SOS

question

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is called:

answer

identity versus role confusion.

question

It is typical for an adolescent experiencing _____ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism

answer

identity diffusion

question

Tenisha's decision to join the army and "see the world" before she settles on her career illustrates the concept of:

answer

moratorium

question

Erik Erikson described the four aspects of identity as the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the:

answer

political

question

Fifteen-year-old Greta's parents are active in the Republican party. Based on generalized statistics, Greta's political beliefs will most likely:

answer

reflect the beliefs of her parents.

question

Eighteen-year-old Gary is struggling because he would love to be a stay-at-home dad in the future, because he loves children and wants his own family. However, he believes that this is not an option for him because he is male. This belief reflects:

answer

gender identity.

question

Bickering between adolescents and their parents:

answer

usually diminishes when the child develops emotional maturity

question

Many researchers believe that so-called teenage rebellion is not developmentally universal, but rather the result of cultural expectations and assumptions. They call the concept of "teenage rebellion" a:

answer

social construction.

question

According to the text, an important component of healthy parental monitoring:

answer

derives from a warm connection.

question

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms is referred to as:

answer

deviancy training.

question

The text describes an experiment comparing teens' and emerging adults' risk behaviors when playing the video driving game Chicken with and without their peers. The study revealed that:

answer

teens were more willing to take chances when playing with peers than were the adults.

question

According to the text, early and exclusive romance often signifies _____, especially for girls.

answer

social trouble

question

According to a new diagnosis added to the DSM-5, individuals who feel distress because they are in "the wrong body" may have:

answer

gender dysphoria.

question

Serious depression among adolescents is:

answer

more common in females than in males.

question

Any deliberate action of self-harm that could have been lethal but was not is referred to as:

answer

parasuicide.

question

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent criminal activity?

answer

Virtually all adolescents have broken the law.

question

A teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n):

answer

adolescence-limited offender.

question

With some exceptions, adolescent boys use ________ drugs, and use them ________ often, than girls do:

answer

more; more

question

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

answer

alcohol.

question

The category "psychoactive drugs" refers to:

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Puberty usually last ___ years

answer

3-5

question

In both boys and girls, early puberty correlates with early sexual activity

answer

True

question

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is:

answer

leptin

question

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

answer

Result in earlier puberty.

question

For boys, late puberty correlates with:

answer

Anxiety and depression.

question

About ___ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20.

answer

Half

question

Which of the following is a symptom of bulimic nervosa?

answer

Binging and purging at least once a week for three months; an uncontrollable urge to overeat; and a sense of self tied to body weight and shape.

question

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

answer

Maturation of the testes.

question

Teenage girls are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections than mature women are because:

answer

Fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs.

question

Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens?

answer

Onset of puberty is earlier; amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does; and the complexities of emotional restraints are beyond them.

question

The years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood is called:

answer

puberty

question

An organize chemical substance produced in the body and conveyed via the bloodstream is called a:

answer

hormone

question

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___ in girls and ___ in boys.

answer

Estradiol; testosterone.

question

Sexual development before age 8 is referred to as:

answer

Precocious puberty.

question

In what way does stress affect puberty?

answer

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

question

According to the text, adolescents are deficient in their

answer

intake of necessary vitamins and minerals because: Healthy food cost more; unhealthy foods are more desirable; and they eat from vending machines in schools.

question

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

answer

A significantly low body weight (BMI of 17 or less)

question

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:

answer

A growth spurt.

question

During adolescence, the lungs will ___ in weight and the heart will __ in size.

answer

Triple; double.

question

What complication is associated with teen pregnancy?

answer

Spontaneous abortion.

question

Which statement concerning a teenager's brain growth is true?

answer

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

question

estradiol in girls may rise as high as about ___ times the childhood level.

answer

8

question

According to the text, American high-school students of ___ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students in California.

answer

Samoan.

question

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stray out late at night. Which of the following statements is likely true of Su Lee's brain development?

answer

Her synaptic growth enhances moral development.

question

As of 2010, about what percentage of sexually active American high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

answer

78

question

Randy is in the stage of ___ if his thinking is no longer dependent on concrete experiences.

answer

Formal operational thought.

question

Marrisa decided to drive her care to Las Vegas rather than fly after reading a story about a plane crash. This common fallacy is called:

answer

Base rate neglect.

question

When it comes to religion:

answer

Most adolescents feel close to God.

question

"Secondary Education" refers to:

answer

Grades 7 through 12.

question

Developmentalists suspect that one reason for the slowdown in academic achievement that is seen in middle schools is:

answer

The lack of connection to teachers.

question

The finding of a study of middle school students in Los Angeles suggest that ___ makes students feel safer and less lonely.

answer

Having someone to blame

question

Which of the following statements about the use of the Internet and other forms of technology is true?

answer

They can be used as tools for learning.

question

Which theorist first described adolescent egocentrism?

answer

David Elkind

question

Thirteen-year-old Mark refuses to go to school because he has a pimple. He is convinced that everyone will make fun of him. Mark's behavior is an example of:

answer

The imaginary audience.

question

The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:

answer

If

question

Concluding that a four-legged furry animal that wags its tail when it is happy and that likes to fetch sticks is a dog would be an example of:

answer

Inductive reasoning.

question

"Throwing good money after bad" is a phrase often used when we put more and more money into something that really was not worth it in the first place. Which of the following best explains why we often do not choose to "cut our losses"?

answer

Sunk cost fallacy.

question

A common fallacy in which a person ignores statistical information about the frequency of a phenomenon and instead makes an emotionally based decision is called:

answer

Base rate neglect.

question

According to a study by Smith and Denton (2005), what percentage of adolescents report that they are not religious?

answer

16

question

Vern just entered high school this year. Recently he has been skipping a lot of classes and is starting to vandalize property at night with his friends. These behaviors could be a sign that Vern is experiencing:

answer

stress

question

Today's "digital divide":

answer

Separates young from old.

question

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in:

answer

more dropouts

question

During adolescence, psychosocial development is primarily a search to answer the question:

answer

Who am I?

question

The ultimate goal in resolving the crisis of identity achievement is to:

answer

Reconsider the goals and values set by parents and culture, accepting some and rejecting other

question

A person who adopts his or her parents' values without question or analysis is said to be in:

answer

Foreclosure.

question

Erikson described four aspects of identity as being the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the:

answer

Political.

question

Teens are less likely to abuse drugs, leave school, and take unnecessary risks when:

answer

They feel valued by their communities.

question

An experiment comparing teens' and emerging adults' risk behaviors when playing a video driving game with and without their peers revealed that:

answer

Teens were more willing to take chances when playing with peers than were the adults.

question

Adolescent sexual behavior is strongly influenced by:

answer

Culture, early maturity, peer pressure.

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

answer

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents but completed suicides are not.

question

One reason why adolescent suicides have decreased since 1990 may be that:

answer

There is more effective use of antidepressant.

question

The category "psychoactive drugs" refers to:

answer

Alcohol, tobacco, drugs.

question

With some exceptions, adolescent boys use ____ drugs, and use them ______ often, than girls do.

answer

More; more

question

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

answer

alcohol

question

Whether adolescents stay in school or drop out is strongly inflected by:

answer

experience in middle school

question

Compared to preadolescents;adolescents' thinking about science is more likely to:

answer

recognize alternative possibilities

question

With both cyberbullying and cutting, according to the textbook, the danger lies in:

answer

the cognition of the person at the computer keyboard

question

As adolescents gain experience in making decisions and thinking things through, they:

answer

become better at knowing when analysis is needed

question

Between 1991 and 2009, rates of sexual experience of high school students in the US have:

answer

decreased for all ethnic groups

question

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between hormones and emotions?

answer

The relationship is reciprocal- hormones can trigger emotions but emotions can trigger hormones as well.

Child Growth and Dev. Ch. 14-16 plus some comprehensive – Flashcards

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