Genetics Unit Test Study Guide – Flashcards
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Occurs in the nucleus. DNA is transferred onto mRNA and matches with codons
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Monohybrid Cross
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Cross of two organisms, both hybrid for a single trait
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Chargaff's Rule
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A=T C=G
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Mendel
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Father of Genetics. law of dominance, law of segregation and the law of individual assortment
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Allele
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A form of a gene, one letter of the two letter genotype combination
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Rosalind Franklin
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Carried out Maurice Wilkin's X-Ray crystallography analysis of DNA. DNA to be a Helix
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Watson and Crick
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Introducing the new model of DNA to be a double helix
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Nucleotide structure
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5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
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Process of DNA Replication
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Enzyme polymerase makes DNA split to be a template for a new strand to follow the base pairing rules
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Dominant
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Uppercase letter. Overpower the recessive alleles and always expresses the trait
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Recessive
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Lowercase letter. Takes two recessive alleles to express it's trait
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Phenotype
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Physical appearance, what is ultimately expressed from the genotype
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Translation
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Occurs in the ribosomes. Enzymes edit initial transcript by removing introns (pieces of RNA that don't code for any protein). The remaining portion are put back to be the final transcripts
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Exons
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Remaining portion of the initial transcript during the process of translation
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Hardy Weinberg equation
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p² + 2pq + q² = 1
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Heterozygous
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Different; one dominant, one recessive
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Homozygous
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Same; both alleles are dominant or recessive
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Dihybrid
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Cross of individuals that are hybrid for two different traits
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Polygenic
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certain traits that are controlled by many genes
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Sex-linked traits
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Traits that are particular to the X & Y chromosomes. (color blindness and Hemophilia)
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Non-disjunction
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An error during Meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate, causing one gamete to get two homologues while the other gamete gets none
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Karyotype
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Analyzes shape, size, and number of chromosomes. Orders the chromosomes in homologous pairs from largest to smallest
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Codominance
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Mixture of two traits, not blended (spots)
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Incomplete Dominance
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Neither trait is dominant, traits blend
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Multiple alleles
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3 or more alleles of the same trait
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Autosomes
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44 of the 46 chromosomes are autosomes, pairs 1-22
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Pedigree chart
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A chart the displays the relationships between family members, used to trace traits
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Chromosomes
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
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Aneuploidy
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Any abnormal chromosome condition
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Autosomal Dominant
